Early Detection of Fetal Malformation, a Long Distance Yet to Cover! Present Status and Potential of First Trimester Ultrasonography in Detection of Fetal Congenital Malformation in a Developing Country: Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre in India

Table 2

Classification of malformation according to the system involved.

CNS, brain	Number	Skeletal	Number
Neural tube defects	30	Achondroplasia	2
Porencephaly	1	Hypochondroplasia	2
Anencephaly	11	Osteogenesis imperfecta	3
Occipital encephalocoele	8	Short rib polydactyly	6
Iniencephaly	2	Thanatophoric dysplasia	1
Ventriculomegaly	14	Single forearm bone	1
Arachnoid cyst	2	Cooks syndrome	1
Holoprosencephaly	8	Respiratory
Agenesis of corpus callosum	8	CCAM	7
Dandy-Walker malformation	16	Pleural effusion	1
Diastematomyelia	2	Congenital high airway obstruction	3
Vermian agenesis	2	Extralobar pulmonary sequestration	2
Genitourinary		Heart
ADPKD	3	Structural cardiac malformations	44
ARPKD	1	Congenital heart blocks	8
Megacystis	1	Pericardial effusion	2
Gonadal cyst	2	Structural and rhythmic	1
Hydronephrosis	12	AV malformation
Lower urinary tract obstruction	9	Vein of Galen malformation	1
Horseshoe kidney	1	Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome	1
Unilateral multicystic kidney	17	Others
Bilateral cystic kidney disease	9	Fetal goitre	1
Gastrointestinal		Cystic hygroma	6
Fetal ascites	1	Multiple
Meconium peritonitis	2	Limb body wall complex	2
Gastroschisis	3	VACTERL	1
Mesenteric cyst	1	Meckel-Gruber syndrome	6
Enteric duplication cyst	1	Multiple malformations	20
Hirschsprung disease	1	Fetal tumors
Tracheoesophageal fistula	2	Adrenal neuroblastoma	1
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia	3	Teratoma	3
Duodenal atresia	4	Sacrococcygeal teratoma	1
Isolated fetal ascites	2
Omphalocele	6