Determinants and Outcomes of Emergency Caesarean Section following Failed Instrumental Delivery: 5-Year Observational Review at a Tertiary Referral Centre in London
Table 1
Characteristics of women who had a failed instrumental vaginal delivery.
Characteristics
Body mass index
>30 Kg/m2
10 (8.4%)
Onset of labour
Spontaneous
87 (73.1%)
Induced
21 (17.6%)
Augmented
11 (9.2%)
Use of oxytocin
None
44 (37.0%)
Yes
75 (63.0%)
<4 cm = 19, 4–7 cm = 30, 8–10 cm = 26
Position of fetal head
Right/left/direct occipitoanterior
34 (28.5%)
Right//left/direct occipitoposterior
40 (33.6%)
Occipitotransverse
43 (36.1%)
Others
2 (1.8%)
Station of the fetal head (distance of the leading bony point of fetal skull below the ischial spines, measured in centimeters)
Above −1
1
−1
2
0
68
+1
48
+2
2
Fetal size
Mean 3588 g (2365 g–4840 g)
Operator experience
Trainee <5 years
13 (10.9%)
Trainee 6-7 years
82 (68.9%)
Consultant (>8 years)
24 (20.2%)
Time of decision to perform operative vaginal birth
0800–1700
36 (30.3%)
1701–2000
11 (9.2%)
2001–0759
72 (60.5%)
Length of second stage of labour (in cases where the indication was “failure to progress”)
