Determinants and Outcomes of Emergency Caesarean Section following Failed Instrumental Delivery: 5-Year Observational Review at a Tertiary Referral Centre in London

Table 3

Maternal outcomes: birth trauma.

Complication	Indication: abnormal CTG (%)	Indication: failure to progress (%)
Nil	11 (50)	50 (48.5)
Episiotomy	2 (9.1)	2 (2.1)
Perineal tear/graze	1 (4.5)	12 (12.8)
Uterine extension	8 (36.4)	30 (30.9)
Delivered as breech	2 (9.1)	2 (2.1)
Broad ligament haematoma	0	3 (3.1)
Wound dehiscence	0	1 (1.0)
Inverted T	0	1 (1.0)
Bladder injury	0	1 (1.0)
Urethral tear	0	1 (1.0)