Acceptability and Preferences among Men and Women for Male Involvement in Antenatal Care
Table 1
Characteristics of men and women interviewed about acceptability of male involvement in antenatal care.
Characteristics
Overall
Men
Women
value
Age in years, (%)
18–24
52 (17.3)
9 (6.0)
43 (28.7)
<0.01
25–34
132 (44.0)
49 (32.7)
83 (55.3)
35 and over
116 (38.7)
92 (61.3)
24 (16.0)
Employment, (%)
166 (55.3)
107 (71.3)
59 (39.3)
<0.01
Median monthly income, USD [IQR]
294 [245–392]
343 [245–441]
275 [216–343]
<0.01
Education, (%)
None
4 (1.3)
4 (2.7)
0 (0.0)
<0.01
Primary school
72 (24.0)
52 (34.7)
20 (13.3)
Secondary school
132 (44.0)
63 (42.0)
69 (46.0)
Matriculated secondary/tertiary
02 (30.7)
31 (20.6)
61 (40.7)
Country of origin, (%)
South Africa
171 (57.0)
81 (54.0)
90 (60.0)
0.10
Zimbabwe
86 (28.7)
41 (27.3)
45 (30.0)
Other
43 (14.3)
28 (18.7)
15 (10.0)
Number of living children, (%)
None
53 (17.7)
15 (10.0)
38 (25.3)
<0.01
One
98 (32.7)
36 (24.0)
62 (41.3)
Two or more
149 (49.6)
99 (66.0)
50 (33.4)
HIV status, (%)
HIV positive
150 (50.0)
75 (50.0)
75 (50.0)
<0.01
HIV negative
16 (38.7)
50 (33.3)
66 (44.0)
Unknown
34 (11.3)
25 (16.7)
9 (6.0)
Currently in a relationship, (%)
277 (92.3)
131 (87.3)
146 (97.3)
<0.01
Median age of partner, years [IQR]†, ‡
32 [28–37]
32 [26–37]
32 [28–36]
0.84
Mean years in relationship with main partner, [IQR]†
6 [3–11]
7 [5–15]
5 [2–8]
<0.01
Male partner attended antenatal care during current pregnancy, (%)
—
—
21 (14.4)
—
Attended antenatal care with a female partner in the past, (%)§
—
29 (19.7)
—
—
Disclosed HIV status to most recent partner, (%)
120 (81.6)
62 (84.9)
58 (78.4)
0.40
Want male partners to attend/perceive that female partners would want them to attend
275 (93.5%)
142 (95.3%)
133 (91.7)
0.24
Willing to distribute/respond to ANC invitation letter, (%)††
Yes
283 (95.9)
145 (96.6)
138 (95.2)
0.01
No
8 (2.7)
1 (0.7)
7 (4.8)
Not sure
4 (1.4)
4 (2.7)
0 (0.0)
values comparing distributions and medians were estimated using Fisher’s exact tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. Among those employed (); †among those in a relationship (); ‡missing for ; §missing for ; among those living with HIV; ||among women in relationships; missing for man and woman; ††missing for .
