Foetal Macrosomia and Foetal-Maternal Outcomes at Birth
Table 2
Maternal and delivery outcomes.
G Macrosomia (n = 285)
G Upper-normal (n = 593)
G Normal (n = 495)
G comparisons
Diabetes, n (%)
12 (4.2%)
7 (1.2%)
1 (0.2%)
a, b
Labour duration (h)
6 (84)
5 (101)
5 (109)
a, b
Postpartum care (h)
49 (306)
18 (162)
26 (221)
a, b, c
Bleeding at birth (mL)
400 (2700)
300 (2450)
300 (2750)
a, b, c
Shoulder dystocia
7 (2.5%)
3 (0.5%)
0 (0%)
a, b
Tearing
Vaginal
17 (6%)
32 (5.4%
32 (6.5)
Cervical
1 (0.4%)
1 (0.2%)
1 (0.2%)
Perineal
a
Grade II
7 (2.5%)
17 (2.9%)
18 (3.6%)
Grade III
10 (3.5%)
21 (3.5%)
11 (2.2%)
Grade IV
4 (1.4%)
0 (0%)
1 (0.2%)
Anal sphincter
< half
5 (1.8%)
13 (2.2%)
7 (1.4%)
> half
2 (0.7%)
4 (0.7%)
2 (0.4%)
Total
7 (2.5%)
3 (0.5%)
3 (0.6%)
Delivery start
a, b
Spontaneous
185 (64.9%)
467 (78.8%)
382 (77.2%)
Induction
74 (26%)
83 (14%)
79 (16%)
Caesarean
26 (9.1%)
43 (7.3%)
34 (6.9%)
Delivery method
a, b, c
Normal vaginal
190 (66.7%)
456 (76.9%)
369 (74.5%)
Forceps
0 (0%)
1 (0.2%)
1 (0.2%)
Vacuum
15 (5.3%)
39 (6.6%)
60 (12%)
Caesarean
80 (28.1%)
97 (16.4%)
65 (13.1%)
Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analyses. Data are presented as the number (%) or the median (range). G, group; a, p < 0.05 for G1 versus G2; b, p < 0.01 for G1 versus G3; c, p < 0,01 for G 2 versus G3; and n, number of patients.
