Maternal Hepatitis B Infection Burden, Comorbidity and Pregnancy Outcome in a Low-Income Population on the Myanmar-Thailand Border: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population, comparing the three investigated groups with an overall p value.
All women
Controls
HBsAg+/HBeAg-
HBsAg+/HBeAg+
P value
n=11,025
n=10,338
n=476
n=211
Age yrs, mean ± SD (min-max)
26 ± 7 (13-50)
26 ± 7 (13-50)
29 ± 7 (15-47)
23 ± 6 (15-45)
<0.001
Age<25 years
5,060 (45.9)
4,782/10,338 (46.3)
134/476 (28.2)
144/211 (68.2)
<0.001
Gravidity median [IQR]
2 []
2
3
2
<0.001
Parity median [IQR]
1 []
1
2
1
<0.001
Primigravida
3,522 (31.9)
3,349/10,338 (32.4)
90/476 (18.9)
83/211 (39.3)
<0.001
Karen ethnicity
7,162 (65.0)
6,667/10,338 (64.5)
341/476 (71.6)
154/211 (73.0)
0.002
Status Migrant (not refugee)
6,452 (58.5)
6,063/10,338 (58.6)
249/476 (52.3)
140/211 (66.4)
0.002
Literate
6,728 (61.0)
6,330/10,338 (61.2)
274/476 (57.6)
124/211 (58.8)
0.219
Smoker
1,440 (13.1)
1,338/10,338 (12.9)
80/476 (16.8)
22/211 (10.4)
0.026
First ANC visit in 1st trimester
4,479 (40.6)
4,189/10,337 (40.5)
206/476 (43.3)
83/211 (39.3)
0.479
EGA in weeks at first ANC median [IQR]
17
17
16
18
0.181
Underweight2, (BMI<18.5 kg/m2)
724/4,463 (16.2)
690/4,173 (16.5)
24/206 (11.7)
9/83 (10.8)
0.174
Overweight3, (BMI≥23 kg/m2)
1,236/4,463 (27.7)
1,142/4,173 (27.4)
75/206 (36.4)
19/83 (22.9)
<0.001
Height (cm) mean (min-max)
151 ± 5 (130-191)
151 ± 5 (130-191)
152 ± 5 (134-174)
152 ± 6 (137-174)
0.937
Previous miscarriage (Gravidity >1)
2,321/7,503 (30.9)
2,171/6,989 (31.1)
114/386 (29.5)
36/211 (28.1)
0.108
Previous PTB (Gravidity>1)
589/7,503 (7.9)
541/6,989 (7.7)
33/386 (8.5)
15/128 (11.7)
0.144
HBsAg negative. Data are n (%), mean ± standard deviation (SD) (min-max); median inter-quartile range [IQR] (min-max). Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal clinic, BMI, body mass index, PTB, preterm birth. Missing data: BMI missing for 38 women for all women and 16 with first ANC in trimester one. P value: proportions compared by Chi-square test, means by Students t-test; median by the Mann-Whitney U test, BMI regardless of trimester at first ANC visit; underweight - BMI <18.5 mg/kg2 compared to normal weight - BMI 18.5 to <23.5 mg/kg2. BMI if trimester at first ANC was trimester one, as a proxy for prepregnancy weight; over weight BMI ≥23.5 mg/kg2 compared to normal weight.
