Striae Gravidarum, Acne, Facial Spots, and Hair Disorders: Risk Factors in a Study with 1284 Puerperal Patients

Table 1

General characteristics, skin care, and skin changes during pregnancy. Santa Casa Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Variables	Sample ()
		%
Age (years)
Median (min–max)	26.0 (13-51)
Age group
≤19 years	229	17.8
20 to 29 years	622	48.5
30 to 39 years	397	30.9
≥40 years	35	2.7
Primiparous
No	676	52.6
Yes	608	47.4
Number of pregnancies
Median (min–max)	2.0 (1.0–7.0)
Gestation
1	569	44.4
2	372	29.0
3	175	13.7
4	81	6.3
5 or more	85	6.6
Phototype
1	14	1.1
2	250	19.6
3	582	45.6
4	322	25.2
5	100	7.8
6	8	0.6
Daily moisturizing products use
No	572	44.6
Yes	710	55.3
Type
Moisturizing lotions	494	69.6
Ointments	323	45.5
Others	2	0.3
Weigh before pregnancy
Median (min–max)	64.0 (68.0–88.0)
Weigh after pregnancy
Median (min–max)	78.0 (68.0–88.0)
^¶	0.0001
Weight gain
≤10 kg	496	39.3
11 to 15 kg	413	32.7
16 to 20 kg	219	17.3
≥21 kg	135	10.7
Stretch marks prior to first pregnancy
No	775	60.6
Yes	503	39.4
Appearance of stretch marks during pregnancy
No	647	50.5
Yes	633	49.5
Abdomen	514	81.2
Breasts	131	20.7
Flank	18	2.8
Thighs	113	17.9
Gluteus	85	13.4
Appearance or aggravation of acne
No	820	64.3
Yes	456	35.7
Face	405	88.8
Back	125	27.4
Chest	54	11.8
Daily facial sunscreen use
No	1047	82.0
Yes	230	18.0
Mother or sister diagnosed with facial blemishes/melasma
No	811	63.3
Yes	430	33.6
Unknown	40	3.1
Appearance of facial blemishes/melasma
No	845	66.1
Yes	434	33.9
Developed health complications during pregnancy
No	657	51.3
Yes	624	48.7
Arterial hypertension	174	27.9
Diabetes	100	16.0
Urinary tract infection	314	50.3
Others	138	22.1
Medication use
No	162	12.7
Yes	1114	87.3
Antibiotics	338	30.3
Iron sulfate	740	66.4
Folic acid	373	33.5
Antispasmodic	34	3.1
Others	410	36.8
Hair alterations
No	709	55.4
Yes	569	44.5
Hair loss	166	29.2
Faster hair growth	103	18.1
Dry hair	111	19.5
Previous health conditions
No	996	78.0
Yes	281	22.0
Prenatal care
No	23	1.8
Yes	1258	98.2
Prenatal visits
Median (min–max)	9.0 (0.0-40.0)
Adequate prenatal care
No	253	19.8
Yes	1024	80.2

^¶Student’s -tests. SD: standard deviation; min: minimum; max: maximum.