Variables Category Cases Controls AOR (95% CI) Age of mother ≤19 6 (4.4) 17 (6.3) 1 20-34 95 (70.4) 211 (78.1) 1.37 (0.07, 44.8) ≥35 34 (25.2) 42 (15.6) 3.09 (0.09, 104) Ethnicity Tigrai 130 (96.3) 267 (98.9) 1 Afar 5 (3.7) 3 (1.1) 0.9 (0.61, 13.29) Referral status No 27 (20) 203 (70.4) 1 Yes 108 (80) 67 (24.8) 7.29 (2.7, 19.68) Antenatal follow-up No 22 (16.3) 13 (4.8) 2.1 (1.35, 6.31) Yes 113 (83.7) 257 (95.2) 1 Number of antenatal visits 1 12 (10.7) 22 (8.3) 2.85 (1.02, 7.94) 2-3 51 (45.5) 72 (27.3) 3.25 (0.63, 16.72) ≥4 49 (43.8) 170 (64.4) 1 Parity 1-4 95 (70.4) 235 (87) 1 ≥5 40 (29.6) 35 (13) 1.84 (0.44, 7.69) Gestational age in weeks 28-37 44 (32.6) 60 (22.2) 1 37-42 82 (60.7) 198 (73.3) 1.08 (0.36, 3.25) ≥42 9 (6.7) 12 (4.4) 0.71 (0.07, 6.82) Previous history of C/S No 109 (80.7) 263 (97.4) 1 Yes 26 (19.3) 7 (2.6) 5.51 (0.85, 35.74) Interpregnancy interval after C/S Above 12 months 10 (7.4) 5 (1.9) 1 Less than 12 months 16 (11.9) 2 (0.7) 3.42 (0.15, 79.46) Pregnancy complicated by chorioamnionitis No 131 (97) 269 (99.6) 1 Yes 4 (3) 1 (0.4) 15 (0.16, 45) Place of delivery Health center 8 (5.9) 1 (0.4) 7.86 (0.57, 108.2) Hospital 127 (94.1) 269 (99.6) 1 Followed by partograph No 118 (87.4) 61 (22.6) 10 (4.53, 19.24) Yes 17 (12.6) 209 (77.4) 1 Duration of labor More than 18 hours 16 (11.9) 1 (0.4) 3.45 (2.12, 20.23) Less than 18 hours 6 (4.4) 197 (73) 1 Obstructed labor No 55 (40.7) 242 (89.6) 1 Yes 80 (59.3) 28 (10.4) 13.33 (4.23, 42.05) Malpresentation No 117 (86.7) 253 (93.7) 1 Yes 18 (13.3) 17 (6.3) 1.59 (0.25, 10.23) Labor started spontaneously No 21 (15.6) 14 (5.2) 3.95 (0.93, 16.7) Yes 114 (84.4) 256 (94.8) 1 Trial of labor after caesarean delivery No 122 (90.4) 267 (98.9) 1 Yes 13 (9.6) 3 (1.1) 3.5 (0.1, 117.37) Congenital anomalies of baby No 126 (93.3) 267 (98.9) 1 Yes 9 (6.7) 3 (1.1) 0.57 (0.057, 5.72) Prehemoglobin level ≤7 15 (11.1) 19 (7) 2.03 (0.61, 6.82) 7-11 54 (40) 27 (10) 1.72 (0.45, 6.55) ≥12 66 (48.9) 224 (83) 1 Birth weight <4 106 (78.5) 252 (93.3) 1 ≥4 29 (21.5) 18 (6.7) 5.68 (1.39, 23.2)
