Early Pregnancy Screening for Women at High-Risk of GDM Results in Reduced Neonatal Morbidity and Similar Maternal Outcomes to Routine Screening
Table 1
Characteristics of the maternal and newborn study participants. Early GDM had a higher BMI, more multiparous pregnancies, higher use of insulin, and a lower gestational age.
Characteristic
Early GDM
Late GDM
Significance
Mean ± SD (%)
Mean ± SD (%)
Number of women
133 (17.3)
636 (82.7)
Age (years)
32.9 ± 4.9
32.2 ± 4.7
0.09
Body mass index (m/kg2)
29.8 ± 7.3
26.1 ± 6.3
0.0001
Country of birth
Australia
36 (27.1)
187 (29.4)
India
24 (18.1)
85 (13.3)
Pakistan
10 (7.5)
27 (4.2)
Bangladesh
6 (4.5)
13 (2.0)
China
6 (4.5)
38 (5.9)
Vietnam
3 (3.5)
40 (6.3)
Other
48 (34.8)
246 (38.9)
First degree family history of diabetes
70 (52.6)
∗
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
22 (16.5)
∗
Previous GDM
51 (38.3)
∗
Early pregnancy OGTT values (mmol/L)
Fasting glucose
4.9 ± 0.6
∗
1 hour glucose
10.2 ± 1.7
2 hour glucose
8.1 ± 1.6
HbA1c (%)
5.2 ± 0.4
∗
Parity
Primiparous
50 (37.6)
341 (53.6)
Multiparous
83 (62.4)
295 (46.4)
0.0008
GDM† management
Diet only
46 (34.6)
374 (58.8)
Insulin
87 (65.4)
262 (41.2)
<0.0001
Newborn gestational age at delivery (weeks)
37.8 ± 2.1
37.9 ± 2.2
0.03
Newborn birth weight (g)
3164.9 ± 610.1
3190.0 ± 595.6
0.40
†GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus. ∗Data not available.
