Early Pregnancy Screening for Women at High-Risk of GDM Results in Reduced Neonatal Morbidity and Similar Maternal Outcomes to Routine Screening
Table 2
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in early GDM and late GDM. Early GDM had a significant decrease in frequency of newborn composite outcome compared to Late GDM. Composite includes one or more of hypoglycemia, birth trauma, NICU/SCN admission, stillbirth, neonatal death, phototherapy and respiratory distress.
Adverse outcome
Early GDM
Late GDM
Significance
(%)
(%)
Cesarean delivery
Total cesareans
61 (45.8)
226 (35.5)
0.02
Primary cesarean
26 (19.5)
125 (19.6)
0.08
Emergency cesarean
26 (19.5)
96 (15.1)
0.98
Induction of labor
64 (48.1)
309 (48.6)
0.90
Hypertensive disorders
Gestational hypertension
5 (3.8)
9 (1.4)
0.08
Pre-eclampsia
3 (2.2)
15 (2.4)
0.60
Total
8 (6.0)
24 (3.8)
0.20
Postpartum hemorrhage
36 (27.1)
171 (26.9)
0.7
Third degree tear
2 (1.5)
18 (2.8)
0.50
Birth weight > 90th percentile
15 (11.3)
57 (9.0)
0.40
Birth weight < 10th percentile
12 (9.0)
55 (8.7)
0.80
Macrosomia
7 (5.2)
35 (5.5)
0.90
Hypoglycemia
7 (5.3)
49 (7.7)
0.30
Preterm birth < 37 weeks
14 (10.5)
89 (13.9)
0.30
Birth trauma
0 (0)
3 (0.5)
Instrumental delivery
15 (11.3)
121 (19.0)
0.03
NICU† admission
5 (3.8)
47 (7.4)
0.10
SCN‡ admission
13 (9.8)
60 (9.4)
0.87
NICU or SCN admission
18 (13.6)
107 (16.8)
0.40
Stillbirth
3 (2.3)
4 (0.6)
0.10
Respiratory distress
2 (1.5)
11 (1.7)
0.80
Phototherapy
1 (0.8)
16 (2.5)
0.20
Neonatal death
0 (0)
1 (0.2)
Newborn composite outcome
27 (20.3)
191 (30.0)
0.02
†NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit. ‡SCN: Special care nursery.
