Journal of Pregnancy

Review Article

Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

Table 2

Anti-inflammatory cytokines measured in maternal serum in healthy pregnancy.


	N.	Concentration units		Trimester 1		Trimester 2		Trimester 3		Ref.
	N.	Concentration units		GA	Concentration	GA	Concentration	GA	Concentration	Ref.

IL-4	20	mean (SD)	pg/mL	UR	0.39 (0.10)	UR	0.42 (0.17)	UR	0.39 (0.14)	[53]
IL-4	168	mean (SE)	pg/mL	7	2.00 (0.30)	20	1.30 (0.30)			[94]
IL-4	71	median (range)	pg/mL	7-10	2.81 (0.40-12.31)					[142]
IL-4	77	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	10	45.10 (26.80, 81.00)					[96]
IL-4	504	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	11-13	5.14 (4.64-5.69)					[42]
IL-4	250	median (IQR)	pg/mL	11	21.50 (70.00)					[143]
IL-4	178	median (range)	pg/mL	11	21.00 (4.00-2063.00)					[58]
IL-4	55	mean (SD)	pg/mL	12	12.30 (37.30)					[147]
IL-4	104	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	10	3.00 (2.60-3.50)					[43]
IL-4	96	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	12	3.00 (2.60-3.50)					[43]
IL-4	93	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL			19	3.00 (2.50-3.60)			[43]
IL-4	101	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL			24	3.00 (2.60-3.30)			[43]
IL-4	78	median (IQR)	pg/mL			12-16	2.25 (1.01-7.76)			[146]
IL-4	297	median (range)	pg/mL			16	21.00 (4.00-2156.00)			[77]
IL-4	392	median (IQR)	pg/mL			17	20.00 (71.00)			[143]
IL-4	233	median (range)	pg/mL			17	21.00 (4.00-2538.00)			[58]
IL-4	>700	median (range)	pg/mL			15-20	426.15 (26.56-2311.44)			[78]
IL-4	204	mean (SD)	log pg/mL			14-18	0.01 (1.85)			[99]
IL-4	162	mean (SE)	pg/mL			14-18	3.78 (0.38)			[97]
IL-4	<139	median	pg/mL			15-19	12.80			[145]
IL-4	61	mean (SD)	pg/mL			24	7.77 (18.90)			[147]
IL-4	1158	mean (SD)	pg/mL					28	0.15 (0.58)	[149]
IL-4	718	mean (SD)	pg/mL					28	0.14 (0.64)	[150]
IL-4	64	median (IQR)	pg/mL					31	1.80 (3.90)	[148]
IL-4	60	median (IQR)	pg/mL					36	2.00 (2.00-2.00)	[79]
IL-4	60	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL					36	2.00 (2.00-2.00)	[24]
IL-4	70	mean (SD)	pg/mL					36	5.81 (8.67)	[147]
IL-4	50	mean (SEM)	pg/mL					37	248.00 (16.40)	[106]
IL-4	<55	mean (SD)	pg/mL					28-36	25.69 (0.11	[138]
IL-4	<139	mean (SD)	pg/mL					>37	29.25 (0.34)	[138]

IL-13	71	median (range)	pg/mL	7-10	1.85 (0.00-19.60)					[142]
IL-13	77	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	10	3.10 (3.10, 16.40)					[96]
IL-13	504	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	11-13	5.64 (4.38, 7.15)					[42]
IL-13	104	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	10	2.00 (0.60, 3.90)					[43]
IL-13	96	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	12	1.80 (0.50, 3.50)					[43]
IL-13	93	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL			19	1.70 (0.70, 3.10)			[43]
IL-13	101	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL			24	2.20 (1.00, 4.50)			[43]
IL-13	<139	median	pg/mL			15-19	14.30			[145]
IL-13	78	median (IQR)	pg/mL			12-16	12.06 (2.69-37.52)			[146]
IL-13	87	mean (SD)	log pg/mL			23	0.53 (0.36)	33	0.53 (0.35)	[38]
IL-13	64	median (IQR)	pg/mL					31	0.40 (2.00)	[148]

IL-10	46	median (IQR)	pg/mL	15	11.70 (6.70-25.20)	24	16.30 (10.80-32.90)	32	15.20 (7.40-40.30)	[51]
IL-10	120	median (Q1-Q3)	pg/mL	0-12	9.87 (7.26-12.87)	13-27	8.40 (5.57-9.95)	≥28	8.46 (5.45-13.68)	[92]
IL-10	20	mean (SD)	pg/mL	UR	5.06 (5.25)	UR	5.10 (5.74)	UR	8.48 (14.70)	[53]
IL-10	168	mean (SE)	pg/mL	7	125.80 (17.50)	20	179.30 (20.90)			[94]
IL-10	71	median (range)	pg/mL	7-10	0.66 (0.00-25.00)					[142]
IL-10	77	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	10	3.10 (3.10, 7.60)					[96]
IL-10	504	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	11-13	3.83 (2.88, 5.21)					[42]
IL-10	250	median (IQR)	pg/mL	11	42.00 (86.00)					[143]
IL-10	178	median (range)	pg/mL	11	40.00 (4.00-801.00)					[58]
IL-10	91	mean (SD)	pg/mL	12	26.80 (98.10)					[144]
IL-10	104	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	10	1.70 (0.80, 4.30)					[43]
IL-10	96	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	12	2.00 (1.20, 3.70)					[43]
IL-10	93	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL			19	1.50 (0.90, 3.40)			[43]
IL-10	101	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL			24	1.60 (0.80, 3.30)			[43]
IL-10	78	median (IQR)	pg/mL			12-16	10.84 (3.12-41.15)			[146]
IL-10	297	median (range)	pg/mL			16	252.00 (4.00-4000.00)			[77]
IL-10	100	mean (SD)	pg/mL			16	1.50 (1.10)			[154]
IL-10	392	median (IQR)	pg/mL			17	43.00 (97.00)			[143]
IL-10	233	median (range)	pg/mL			17	46.00 (4.00-891.00)			[58]
IL-10	143	mean (SD)	pg/mL			14-18	28.31 (3.16)			[98]
IL-10	204	mean (SD)	log pg/mL			14-18	2.47 (1.67)			[99]
IL-10	162	mean (SE)	pg/mL			14-18	86.02 (4.55)			[97]
IL-10	<139	median	pg/mL			15-19	7.93			[145]
IL-10	>700	median (range)	pg/mL			15-20	3.51 (0.01-578.51)			[78]
IL-10	178	mean (SD)	pg/mL			21	2.08 (1.48)			[161]
IL-10	167	mean (SD)	pg/mL			21	2.00 (1.30)			[162]
IL-10	91	mean (SD)	pg/mL			21	2.00 (0.50)			[181]
IL-10	60	mean (SD)	pg/mL			22	2.03 (0.39)			[164]
IL-10	190	mean (SD)	pg/mL			22-25	0.54 (1.24)			[187]
IL-10	124	mean (SD)	pg/mL			24	28.80 (97.90)			[147]
IL-10	65	median (IQR)	pg/mL			24-28	4.17 (1.57)			[160]
IL-10	20	median (range)	pg/mL			23-25	1.60 (0.10-2.30)	32-36	1.70 (0.10-2.50)	[66]
IL-10	87	mean (SD)	log pg/mL			23	0.15 (0.15)	33	0.13 (0.10)	[38]
IL-10	22	mean (SD)	pg/mL	8-12	0.70 (1.30)			28-34	6.80 (4.00)	[67]
IL-10	32	median (IQR)	pg/mL	8-12	8.16 (5.72-9.07)			28-32	6.45 (6.45-13.90)	[61]
IL-10	56	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	9-11	1.30 (0.00, 45.00)			29-31	1.10 (0.00, 19.10)	[36]
IL-10	28	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL	9-11	1.30 (0.80, 3.10)			29-31	1.00 (0.40, 1.70)	[37]
IL-10	1158	mean (SD)	pg/mL					28	1.59 (7.85)	[149]
IL-10	718	mean (SD)	pg/mL					28	1.21 (1.88)	[150]
IL-10	64	median (IQR)	pg/mL					31	19.00 (38.30)	[148]
IL-10	1,494	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL					32	2.00 (1.00, 3.70)	[170]
IL-10	≤117	median (range)	pg/mL					30-33	0.63 (0.01-35.90)	[25]
IL-10	774	median (IQR)	pg/mL					33	1.70 (2.50)	[171]
IL-10	60	median (IQR)	pg/mL					36	15.70 (14.00-19.00)	[79]
IL-10	60	median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	pg/mL					36	15.70 (14.00, 19.00)	[24]
IL-10	94	mean (SD)	pg/mL					36	232.10 (328.60)	[147]
IL-10	<55	mean (SD)	pg/mL					28-36	13.40 (0.94)	[138]
IL-10	<139	mean (SD)	pg/mL					>37	19.83 (0.64)	[138]
IL-10	50	mean (SD)	pg/mL					37	37.60 (20.39)	[185]
IL-10	50	mean (SEM)	pg/mL					37	95.90 (68.00)	[106]
IL-10	52	mean (SD)	pg/mL					UR	3.94 (5.07)	[177]

Maternal serum cytokine concentrations obtained within trimester 1 (approx. 1-12 weeks), trimester 2 (approx. 13-27 weeks), and trimester 3 (approx. 28 weeks—labour). GA: gestational age at sample collection; UR: information unreported in original manuscript; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error.