Associations of Maternal Complaints to Levator Ani Muscle Trauma within 9 Months after Vaginal Birth: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Table 2
Baseline demographic and obstetric data of the study cohort according to their allocation to their LAM trauma state and to the time of evaluation at P1-P3.
P1 ()
P2 ()
P3 ()
Intact (67%)
Hematoma
(14.6%)
PAV (6.6%)
CAV (11.8%)
value
Intact (75.9%)
PAV (9.9%)
CAV (14.2%)
value
Intact
(21.6%)
PAV (39.2%)
CAV (39.2%)
value
Ethnicity
0.584
0.781
0.820
(i) Caucasian
120 (84.5)
27 (87.1)
11 (78.6)
22 (88.0)
136 (84.5)
18 (85.7)
26 (86.7)
10 (90.9)
18 (90.0)
17 (85.0)
(ii) Asian
5 (3.5)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
5 (3.1)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
(iii) Mediterranean
7 (4.9)
2 (6.5)
1 (7.1)
2 (8.0)
8 (5.0)
2 (9.5)
2 (6.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (5.0)
2 (10.0)
(iv) Afro-Caribbean
6 (4.2)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
6 (3.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
(v) Oriental
4 (2.8)
2 (6.5)
2 (14.3)
1 (4.0)
6 (3.7)
1 (4.8)
2 (6.7)
1 (9.1)
1 (5.0)
1 (5.0)
Mode of delivery
0.022
0.085
0.617
(i) Spontaneous vaginal
113 (79.6)
24 (77.4)
6 (42.9)
18 (72)
127 (89.4)
12 (57.1)
22 (73.3)
7 (63.6)
11 (55.0)
14 (70.0)
(ii) Vacuum-assisted vaginal
29 (20.4)
7 (22.6)
8 (57.1)
7 (28)
34 (10.6)
9 (42.9)
8 (26.7)
4 (36.4)
9 (45.0)
6 (30.0)
Epidural analgesia
0.013
0.202
0.091
(i) Yes
89 (62.7)
14 (45.2)
11 (78.6)
9 (36.0)
98 (60.9)
12 (57.1)
13 (43.3)
4 (36.4)
14 (70.0)
8 (40.0)
(ii) No
53 (37.3)
17 (54.8)
3 (21.4)
16 (64.0)
63 (39.1)
9 (42.9)
17 (56.7)
7 (63.6)
6 (30.0)
12 (60.0)
Episiotomy
0.001
0.001
0.493
(i) Yes
37 (26.1)
18 (58.1)
7 (50.0)
12 (48.0)
46 (28.6)
14 (66.7)
14 (46.7)
5 (45.5)
10 (50.0)
12 (60.0)
(ii) No
105 (73.9)
13 (41.9)
7 (50.0)
13 (52.0)
115 (71.4)
7 (23.3)
16 (53.3)
6 (54.5)
10 (50.0)
8 (40.0)
Low-grade perineal tear
0.264
0.354
0.222
(i) Yes
56 (39.4)
8 (25.8)
6 (42.9)
6 (24.0)
62 (38.5)
6 (28.6)
8 (26.7)
3 (27.3)
9 (45.0)
4 (20.0)
(ii) No
86 (60.6)
23 (74.2)
8 (57.1)
19 (76.0)
99 (61.5)
15 (71.4)
22 (73.3)
8 (72.7)
11 (55.0)
16 (80.0)
High-grade perineal tear
0.142
0.031
0.454
(i) Yes
1 (0.7)
0 (0.0)
1 (7.1)
1 (4.0)
1 (0.6)
0 (0.0)
2 (6.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (5.0)
(ii) No
141 (99.3)
31 (100.0)
13 (92.9)
24 (96.0)
160 (99.4)
21 (100.0)
28 (93.3)
11 (100.0)
20 (100.0)
19 (95.0)
Vaginal tear
0.781
0.815
0.632
(i) Yes
72 (50.7)
18 (58.1)
6 (42.9)
12 (48.0)
84 (52.2)
10 (47.6)
14 (46.7)
6 (54.5)
12 (60.0)
8 (40.0)
(ii) No
70 (49.3)
13 (41.9)
8 (57.1)
13 (52.0)
77 (47.8)
11 (52.4)
16 (53.3)
5 (45.5)
8 (40.0)
12 (60.0)
Labial tear
0.155
0.017
0.003
(i) Yes
48 (33.8)
8 (25.8)
2 (14.3)
4 (16.0)
55 (34.2)
2 (9.5)
5 (16.7)
6 (54.5)
1 (5.0)
3 (15.0)
(ii) No
94 (66.2)
23 (74.2)
12 (85.7)
21 (84.0)
106 (65.8)
19 (90.5)
25 (83.3)
5 (45.5)
19 (95.0)
17 (85.0)
Anterior prolapse
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
0.051
0.036
(i) Yes
7 (4.3)
2 (9.5)
5 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
4 (20.0)
(ii) No
140 (87.0)
18 (85.7)
24 (80.0)
10 (90.9)
19 (95.0)
15 (75.0)
(iii) Missing data
14 (8.7)
1 (4.8)
1 (3.3)
1 (9.1)
1 (5.0)
1 (5.0)
Posterior prolapse
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
0.845
0.471
(i) Yes
1 (0.6)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (5.0)
0 (0.0)
(ii) No
145 (90.1)
20 (95.2)
29 (96.7)
9 (81.8)
18 (90.0)
19 (95.0)
(iii) Missing data
15 (9.3)
1 (4.8)
1 (3.3)
2 (18.2)
1 (5.0)
1 (5.0)
Central prolapse
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
Not evaluated
0.708
0.215
(i) Yes
2 (1.2)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
2 (10.0)
(ii) No
144 (89.4)
21 (100.0)
29 (96.7)
9 (81.8)
19 (95.0)
17 (85.0)
(iii) Missing data
15 (9.3)
0 (0.0)
1 (3.3)
2 (18.2)
1 (5.0)
1 (5.0)
Body mass index in kg/m2
0.329
0.163
0.136
Age in years
0.661
0.142
0.362
Gestational age in days
0.943
0.434
0.576
Duration of the second stage of labor in min
0.018
0.072
0.552
Pushing duration of the second stage of labor in min
