Review Article

Storytelling in Pregnancy and Childbirth: An Integrative Review of the Literature

Table 2

Qualitative studies evaluating the impact of storytelling.

Author, year, and locationBehavioral consequencesData collection methodDesign of studyParticipantsResultsMMAT score ( if one criterion is met; if all five criterions are met)

Kay et al., 2017, UK [17]Receiving the expression of expectations and childbirth experience in the storytelling of childbirth of pregnant women from two different generations.Interviews were collected by telephone and face to face and recorded as audio files. The duration of the interviews was 45 to 90 minutesInterpretative hermeneutic phenomenological20 pregnant women of two generations (10 women gave birth in 2013 and 10 women in 1980).This study showed that birth stories are an important part of the birth perspective for pregnant women. Birth stories are cultural “productions” that convey different types of ideologies and belief systems.
Carson et al., 2017, Canada [27]Get the experience of women who have experienced pregnancy before work or school at a young age.Face-to-face interviewNarrative analysis method was used to examine the stories told by adolescent mothersEighty-one pregnant women who became pregnant during adolescence recounted their postpartum experiences.The telling of childbirth stories conveys cultural and social issues that affect the experience of childbirth. By telling the stories of childbirth, a connection is made between medical and social issues.
Johnson et al., 2020, USA [19]Investigating the cause and motivation of expressing childbirth experiences in the form of a story.Interview collectively and again individuallyCoding and qualitative analysis of dataTwenty-two women gave birth with 1 to 5 children and gave birth normally on average in the last 2.4 years.Women were motivated to retell their childbirth experiences, to increase their sense of power, to validate their experience, and to feel responsible to their peers.
Cobuzio, 2019 [28]A review of childbirth stories in magazines and how to describe cesarean section in these stories.Content analysisThe stories written on the two websites of mothers who shared their experiences were reviewed.In women’s birth stories, there was often a negative physical and emotional experience of cesarean birth. Most women experience childbirth with fear and shame.
De Quattro, 2019, UK [20]With the aim of explaining how knowledge is formed in pregnancy sessions and expressing the role of birth narrative in creating knowledge and understanding about childbirth.The researcher attended the class in 6 sessions for 13 hours and recorded all the information and even recorded nonverbal observationsContent analysisThere were 25 people in the home birth group, of which 10 were pregnant women and 8 women were in the postpartum period, and 7 men were in the group. The center’s training group consisted of 18 participants, including 10 primiparous pregnant women and 8 men.Physiological childbirth education alone is not enough with health and hospital policies and approaches; rather, it is necessary to prepare pregnant women for childbirth by creating discourses. One way to create these discourses is to narrate the birth of other women who have experienced childbirth.
Munro et al., 2009, USA [29]Evaluation of the cause of cesarean birth without indication in primiparous women.Face-to-face interviewQualitative analysis17 primiparous women with cesarean section without medical indication.The experience of women having a cesarean section is influenced by cultural, social, and even historical factors, and all aspects must be considered in order to influence decision-making.
McLachlan et al., 2016, UK [30]Investigating the motivation of sharing maternity stories in virtual networks.Mothers’ websiteNarrative analysisFifteen stories were selected from the virtual network and the website and analyzed.Sharing the story of childbirth and childbirth experiences in cyberspace leads to healing the minds of mothers with traumatic childbirth experiences.
MacLellan, 2019, UK [4]To explore the influence of competing discourses upon woman’s experience of birth in the UK.Mothers’ websiteStructural and thematic analyses20 birth stories written on the website were reviewed.Reclaiming women’s language for birth and working to create a new vocabulary encapsulating the experiences of birthing women will also present opportunities for the issue of birth and women’s experiences of it to occupy greater political space with a confident and decisive voice.
MacLellan, 2022 [31]Study of the description of postpartum women from the experience of pregnancy and postpartum.Mothers’ websiteStructural and thematic analyses20 birth stories written on the website were reviewed.Women described their bodies as a critical point for them to regenerate and regain their strength during childbirth. Recounting these experiences helped their sense of empowerment.