Clostridium difficile with Moxifloxacin/Clindamycin Resistance in Vegetables in Ohio, USA, and Prevalence Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Retail fresh vegetables tested for Clostridium difficile in Ohio, USA.

Part of plant	Vegetable category	Ris		C.
Aboveground vegetables, = 65	Leafy (lettuce/spinach/chard/herbs)	1	41	1
	Tomato/pepper/eggplant	2	13	2
	Berries	2	5	—
	Broccoli	—	3	—
	Green beans	—	3	—
Contact with soil, = 13	Melons	2	3	—
	Cucurbits	3	10	—
Root vegetable, = 39	Onions	2-3	20	—
	Carrots/potatoes/beets/parsnip	3	19	—
Other, = 8	Sprouts	2	2	—
	Mushrooms	—	6	—
Total			125	3 (2.4%)

Global priority levels for fresh produce safety assigned by the FAO/WHO [36]; priorities 2 and 3 vary across regions.
Toxigenic isolates from conventional lettuce, eggplant, and green pepper.