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| Chromosome* number | Gene* | Function of the gene product |
|
| Chromosome 1 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 gene (PTPN22) | Plays a role in T-cell receptor signaling |
| Chromosome 1 | Interleukin-10 (IL-10) | Downregulates expression of MHC II antigens and Th1 cytokines and is involved in cell mediated and cytotoxic inflammatory response |
| Chromosome 2 | Including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) | Expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and downregulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production |
| Chromosome 2 | Interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1/MDA-5) | Triggers the secretion of interferons in response to viral infections |
| Chromosome 5 | Interleukin-4 (IL-4) | Induces differentiation of naive T-cells to T-helper cells but suppresses interferon-γ and IL-2 producing Th1 cells |
| Chromosome 5 | Interleukin-12 beta also known as interleukin-12p40 (IL-12B) | Produced by antigen-presenting cells and drives the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th1 cells |
| Chromosome 6 | Small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUM04) | Polymorphism in this gene leads to activation of nuclear factor kappa B |
| Chromosome 6 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) | Stimulates inflammatory reactions and phagocytosis |
| Chromosome 7 | Paired box gene 4 (PAX4) | Plays a role in tissue development and is found on pancreatic islet cells |
| Chromosome 10 | IL-2 receptor-alpha (IL-2RA) | Its expression on T-cells is necessary for suppressing T-cell response |
| Chromosome 11 | Insulin (INS) | Controls glucose levels in the blood |
| Chromosome 12 |
2′-5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) | Enzyme involved in the innate immune response induced by interferons against viral infections |
| Chromosome 12 | Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) | Cytokine involved in the inflammatory responses, produced by different natural killer cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells |
| Chromosome 13 | Interferon-regulating factor 7- (IRF7-) driven inflammatory network (IDIN) | Present in monocytes and regulated by viral responses |
| Chromosome 16 | C-type lectin domain family 16 (CLEC16A) | Expressed in most of the immune cells and plays a role in the antigen uptake |
| Chromosome 18 | Tyrosine protein phosphate nonreceptor 2 gene (PTPN2) | Regulates proinflammatory cytokines |
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