Protective Effects of Tinospora crispa Stem Extract on Renal Damage and Hemolysis during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

Figure 2

Protective effect of Tinospora crispa stem extract on renal damage induced by Plasmodium berghei infection. ICR mice (5 mice of each) were inoculated with 1 × 10⁷ parasitized erythrocytes of PbANKA by intraperitoneal injection. The extracts (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) were given orally by gavage for 4 consecutive days. On day 4 of experiment, (a) BUN and (b) creatinine levels were then measured. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. < 0.01 and < 0.001, compared to normal control, and < 0.001 and < 0.001, compared to untreated control. N: normal control, N + E: normal mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of extract, and UN: untreated control. The results came from 3 independent experiments.

(a)

(b)