|
Risk factors | Negative association with MDR-TB | Positive association with MDR-TB |
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Previous exposure to anti-TB treatment | Biadglegne et al. [19] | Agonafi et al. [12], Abate et al. [15], Abebe et al. [14], Nigus et al. [21], Mulisa et al. [24], Hamusse et al. [25], and Mekonnen et al. [26] |
TB history of defaulter | NR | Nigus et al. [21] |
HIV/AIDS | Abate et al. [15] and Abebe et al. [14] | Yimer et al. [13], Tessema et al. [17], and Mulisa et al. [24] |
Age | Yimer et al. [13], Abate et al. [15], Biadglegne et al. [19], and Abebe et al. [14] | Nigus et al. [21] and Mulu et al. [27] |
Being male | Yimer et al. [13], Abate et al. [15], and Abebe et al. [14] | Biadglegne et al. [19], Mulisa et al. [24], and Abate et al. [16] |
Occupation (farmer) | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
Known TB contact history | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
Nonadherence to previous TB treatment | NR | Shegaw [22] |
History of previous TB treatment | NR | Mulisa et al. [24], Shegaw [22], and Deressa and Demissie [28] |
Opportunistic infection | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
Newly treated cases | Agonafir et al. [12], Abate et al. [15], and Abebe et al. [14] | Mulu et al. [27] |
Lack of formal education | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
Low monthly income | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
Cavitation on chest X-ray | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
History of contact with MDR-TB | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
Rural residence | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
Alcohol use | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] and Mulu et al. [27] |
Chat chew | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
Previous unfavorable TB treatment outcome | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
Previous history of TB treatment failure | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
Primary education | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
Unemployment | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
Long distance to the healthcare facility | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
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