Fascioliasis Control: In Vivo and In Vitro Phytotherapy of Vector Snail to Kill Fasciola Larva
Table 2
In vivo toxicity of different components of plant products against the redia larva of Fasciola gigantica.
Exposure
Larvicidal (mg /L)
LC50
LCL
UCL
Slope value
t-ratio
-value
Heterogeneity
2 h
Citral
59.61
42.39
131.00
1.55 ± 0.36
4.24
0.21
0.12
Ferulic acid
3.06
2.41
4.67
2.10 ± 0.38
5.43
0.13
0.16
Umbelliferone
3.70
2.87
5.72
1.56 ± 0.34
4.54
0.18
0.11
Azadirachtin
1.00
0.52
25.19
0.95 ± 0.35
2.82
0.48
0.14
Allicin
5.89
3.55
21.65
9.99 ± 0.35
9.80
0.26
0.15
4 h
Citral
39.28
29.88
65.66
1.46 ± 0.34
4.31
0.20
0.18
Ferulic acid
2.23
1.72
3.53
1.51 ± 0.34
4.41
0.19
0.11
Umbelliferone
2.48
1.83
3.46
1.34 ± 0.32
4.07
0.23
0.13
Azadirachtin
0.35
0.25
0.72
1.13 ± 0.32
3.44
0.32
0.10
Allicin
2.14
1.46
3.42
1.01 ± 0.24
4.22
0.21
0.12
6 h
Citral
26.29
19.48
37.97
1.31 ± 0.32
3.99
0.24
0.23
Ferulic acid
1.43
1.01
2.02
1.25 ± 0.33
3.74
0.27
0.13
Umbelliferone
1.52
0.98
1.97
1.52 ± 0.33
4.53
0.18
0.16
Azadirachtin
0.21
0.13
0.32
1.05 ± 0.32
3.27
0.35
0.11
Allicin
0.94
0.49
1.35
1.09 ± 0.24
4.43
0.19
0.18
8 h
Citral
13.21
5.35
18.85
1.10 ± 0.32
3.37
0.33
0.20
Ferulic acid
0.76
0.49
0.98
1.79 ± 0.36
4.94
0.15
0.14
Umbelliferone
1.11
0.63
1.47
1.64 ± 0.35
4.70
0.17
0.17
Azadirachtin
0.11
0.06
0.15
1.57 ± 0.34
4.57
0.18
0.25
Allicin
0.66
0.40
0.90
1.61 ± 0.28
5.67
0.11
0.35
LCL: lower confidence limits, UCL: upper confidence limits. Six batches of 15 snails were exposed to different concentrations of the above molluscicidal treatments. Mortality of redia was recorded every 2 h. Concentrations given are the final concentration (W/V) in the glass aquarium water. Significant negative regression () was observed between exposure time and LC50 of treatments. TS: testing significant of the regression coefficient. Citral: 12.06+, ferulic acid: 29.31+, umbelliferone: 7.76++, azadirachtin: 15.58++, allicin: 19.19++: linear regression between and , ++: nonlinear regression.
