Fascioliasis Control: In Vivo and In Vitro Phytotherapy of Vector Snail to Kill Fasciola Larva
Table 5
In vitro toxicity of different plant products and their active components against the cercaria larva of Fasciola gigantica.
Exposure
Larvicidal (mg/mL)
LC50
LCL
UCL
Slope value
t-ratio
-value
Heterogeneity
2 h
Z. O. Ext
33.77
22.98
99.35
1.24 ± 0.34
3.56
0.30
0.11
Citral
39.99
28.86
76.90
1.11 ± 0.30
4.95
0.15
0.27
F. A. Ext
4.51
3.13
12.15
1.70 ± 0.32
3.37
0.81
0.55
Ferulic acid
1.72
1.21
5.18
1.18 ± 0.37
3.18
0.37
0.13
Umbelliferone
1.49
1.06
2.83
1.23 ± 0.27
4.45
0.19
0.18
Neem oil
6.81
3.13
12.15
1.09 ± 0.28
3.91
0.21
0.15
Azadirachtin
0.38
0.26
0.87
1.57 ± 0.37
4.22
0.29
0.19
A. S. Ext
0.39
0.28
0.84
1.19 ± 0.33
3.59
0.29
0.12
Allicin
0.03
0.02
0.07
1.21 ± 0.33
3.64
0.28
0.13
4 h
Z. O. Ext
14.91
10.67
21.43
1.25 ± 0.33
3.74
0.27
0.17
Citral
19.81
14.72
31.76
1.27 ± 0.28
4.42
0.19
0.14
F. A. Ext
2.44
1.72
3.57
120 ± 0.32
3.69
0.28
0.10
Ferulic acid
0.95
0.62
1.58
1.07 ± 0.36
2.91
0.45
0.16
Umbelliferone
1.03
0.70
1.97
1.97 ± 0.26
3.62
0.29
0.14
Neem oil
1.41
0.91
4.11
1.89 ± 0.26
3.34
0.34
0.12
Azadirachtin
0.27
0.20
0.51
1.51 ± 0.35
4.30
0.20
0.15
A. S. Ext
0.22
0.17
0.29
1.48 ± 0.33
4.47
0.19
0.18
Allicin
0.02
0.01
0.03
1.21 ± 0.32
3.71
0.27
0.14
6 h
Z. O. Ext
9.49
5.94
12.38
1.45 ± 0.34
4.22
0.21
0.15
Citral
8.73
5.60
11.62
1.33 ± 0.28
4.83
0.17
0.21
F. A. Ext
1.03
0.16
1.63
1.78 ± 0.32
2.42
0.65
0.11
Ferulic acid
0.51
0.23
0.70
1.34 ± 0.38
3.47
0.31
0.12
Umbelliferone
0.46
0.32
0.59
1.61 ± 0.28
5.41
0.12
0.16
Neem oil
0.62
0.40
0.89
1.10 ± 0.27
4.79
0.23
0.14
Azadirachtin
1.56
0.12
0.21
1.51 ± 0.33
4.46
0.19
0.12
A. S. Ext
0.14
0.08
0.18
1.46 ± 0.33
4.41
0.19
0.57
Allicin
0.07
0.04
0.01
1.17 ± 0.33
3.53
0.30
0.34
8 h
Z. O. Ext
7.73
5.03
9.84
1.83 ± 0.36
5.02
0.15
0.22
Citral
6.08
4.23
7.69
2.02 ± 0.32
6.21
0.10
0.38
F. A. Ext
0.99
0.68
1.24
2.49 ± 0.47
5.98
0.10
0.30
Ferulic acid
0.44
0.29
0.55
2.44 ± 0.48
4.99
0.13
0.25
Umbelliferone
0.27
0.13
0.39
1.39 ± 0.30
4.63
0.17
0.20
Neem oil
0.31
0.17
0.44
1.40 ± 0.29
4.75
0.17
0.16
Azadirachtin
0.08
0.05
0.11
1.50 ± 0.34
4.34
0.20
0.21
A. S. Ext
0.12
0.09
0.15
2.22 ± 0.36
6.01
0.10
0.26
Allicin
0.009
0.005
0.01
1.75 ± 0.36
4.74
0.17
0.25
Z. O. Ext: Zingiber officinale, F. A. Ext: Ferula asafoetida extract, A. S. Ext: Allium sativum extract, LCL: lower confidence limits, UCL: upper confidence limits. Six batches of 10 cercaria larva were exposed to different concentration of the above molluscicides treatments. Mortality of cercaria was recorded every 2 h. Concentration given are the final concentration (W/V) in the glass aquarium water. Significant negative regression () was observed between exposure time and LC50 of treatments. TS: testing significant of the regression coefficient. Z. O. Ext: 17.91++, citral: 9.52++, ferulic asafetida: 6.04++, ferulic acid: 9.95++, umbelliferone: 7.69+, neem oil: 57.95++, azadirachtin: 13.39+, allium sativum: +6.29++, allicin: 5.81++: linear regression between x and y, ++: nonlinear regression.
