Low IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α and High IL-13 Cytokine Levels Are Associated with Severe Hepatic Fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni Chronically Exposed Individuals

Figure 1

Cytokine levels in relation to degree of fibrosis. Median differences between Group 0 (control) and each of the three groups were determined using Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons. Group 0 (infected with no fibrosis), Group I (infected with mild fibrosis), Group II (infected with moderate fibrosis), and Group III (infected with severe fibrosis). The significant level was set at ≤ 0.05 for a two-sided test. , , , and .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)