Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with S. haematobium Egg Excretion during the Dry Season, Six Months following Mass Distribution of Praziquantel (PZQ) in 2017 in the Bafia Health Area, South West Region Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Risk factors associated with S. haematobium egg excretion during the dry season.
Variable
Category
S. haematobium
Unadjusted OR
#Adjusted OR
P- value
Positive % (n)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
Area of residence
Munyenge
13.2 (46)
5.21 (2.51-10.83)
4.79 (2.20-10.4)
<0.001
Ikata
7.5 (25)
2.78 (1.27-6.05)
3.68 (1.59-8.54)
0.002
Bafia
2.8 (9)
REF
REF
χ2; P value
24.416; <0.001
Sex
Male
8.8 (38)
1.21 (0.76-1.91)
NA
Female
7.4 (42)
REF
χ2; P value
0.638; 0.425
Age group(years)
< 5
16.3 (14)
2.54 (1.12-5.77)
2.0 (0.81-4.94)
0.13
5 - 15
6.9 (33)
0.97 (0.49-1.93)
0.42 (0.19-0.91)
0.028
16 - 39
7.8 (21)
1.20 (0.58-2.52)
0.71 (0.32-1.60)
0.41
≥ 40
7.1 (12)
REF
REF
χ2; P value
8.958; 0.030
Educational level
Primary
9.1 (61)
1.64 (0.96-2.79)
1.59 (0.88-2.85)
0.124
Secondary
5.8 (19)
REF
REF
χ2; P value
3.492; 0.322
Occupation
Farming
7.9 (28)
1.23 (0.61-2.48)
NA
Pupil
9.2 (40)
1.46 (0.74-2.84)
Student
6.5 (12)
REF
Housewife
0 (0)
-----
χ2; P value
5.48; 0.360
Source of water
Stream only
8.2 (52)
0.99 (0.61-1.60)
1.1 (0.30-3.72)
0.92
Stream and piped water
8.2 (28)
REF
REF
Piped water only
0 (0)
-----
-----
---
χ2; P value
2.137; 0.343
Stream activity
House chores and bathing
8.0 (39)
1.28 (0.58-2.81)
0.62 (0.27-1.47)
0.28
House chores only
9.1 (33)
1.48 (0.66-3.29)
1.03 (0.42-2.51)
0.95
Bathing only
6.3 (8)
REF
REF
χ2; P value
1.011; 0.603
Frequency to stream++ per day
More than thrice
18.0 (25)
5.82 (2.77-12.21)
8.43 (3.71-19.13)
<0.001
Thrice
9.9 (19)
2.91 (1.35-6.27)
4.48 (1.93-10.41)
<0.001
Twice
7.7 (21)
2.22 (1.05-4.69)
3.63 (1.64-8.01)
0.001
Hardly
5.6 (4)
1.58 (0.49-5.13)
1.07 (0.31-3.72)
0.92
Once
3.6 (11)
REF
REF
χ2; P value
27.23; <0.001
χ2 = Pearson Chi-square test; OR = odd ratio; aOR = adjusted OR using multivariate regression analysis.
