Species Composition, Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Levels in Major Malaria Vectors in Teso North and Teso South Subcounties in Busia County, Western Kenya

Table 2

Percentage mortality after 24 h exposure period during WHO tube assay for susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb in 3-5-day-old mosquitoes from larvae collected from Teso North and Teso South subcounties, Western Kenya, between 2012 and 2014.

Year	2012			2013		2014		Mean^SD
Clusters	Different types of insecticides on WHO-treated test papers for tube assay
	Permethrin	Deltamethrin	Permethrin	Deltamethrin	Bendiocarb	Permethrin	Deltamethrin	Permethrin	Deltamethrin	Bendiocarb
Kaliwa	75^101	63^16	74^118	93^100	-	76^67	79^52	75^±5.4	78^±15.6	-
Odioi	37^99	56^34	79^103	89^100	100^61	56^101	53^100	57^±19.4	66^±19.1	100
Akiriamasit	81^89	-	78^117	96^107	100^100	53^19	76^84	71^±15.4	75^±11.8	100
Kengatunyi	87^107	66^44	91^102	99^116	-	80^92	93^14	86^±5.7	86^±18.3	-
Rwatama	86^103	70^38	75^116	87^101	-	38^8	78^63	66^±23.1	78^±8.0	-
Mean^SD	73^±19.5	64^±10.5	79^±8.2	93^±6.9	100	61^±16.7	76^±14.5	71	77	100

Superscripted numbers represented the number of 3-5-day-old female mosquitoes assayed. ^-Where 3-5-day-old female mosquitoes were not available for exposure to that particular insecticide. WHO criteria for susceptibility are as follows: mortality rates between 98% and 100% indicate full susceptibility; mortality rates between 90% and 97% require further investigation while , the population is considered resistant to the tested insecticides.