Disease Reference # of subjects Mean age (yr) Linkage Finding Alzheimer's Kusbeci et al. [22 ] 71 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with Alzheimer'sMahami-Oskouei et al. [76 ] 150 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Alzheimer'sPerry et al. [72 ] 219 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Alzheimer'sBouscaren et al. [73 ] 1662 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Alzheimer'sCong et al. [74 ] 88 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Alzheimer’sMenati Rashno et al. [77 ] 87 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Alzheimer’sMenati Rashno et al. [77 ] 174 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Alzheimer’sBipolar disorder Pearce et al. [85 ] 7440 (M) + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorder IHamdani et al. [86 ] 216 + T. gondii seropositivity significantly different between groups (3.6x increased likelihood)Fond et al. [99 ] 266 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with more bipolar disorder depressive episodesDel Grande et al. [83 ] 101 ≥40 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorderAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [87 ] 462 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with a specific type of bipolar disorderAfifi et al. [82 ] 40 + T. gondii seropositivity and serointensity seen to be associated with bipolar disorder and oxidative stressHamdani et al. [84 ] 334 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorderFrye et al. [88 ] 52 – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorderHamdani et al. [89 ] 78 42 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorderOliveira et al. [90 ] 305 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorderStich et al. [92 ] 46 – - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with bipolar disorderDel Grande et al. [95 ] 7440 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with bipolar disorderChaudhury and Ramana [93 ] 216 – + T. gondii maternal seropositivity seen to be associated with bipolar disorder in offspringMortensen et al. [91 ] 127 27 - T. gondii maternal seropositivity not seen to be associated with bipolar disorder in offspringFreedman et al. [94 ] 214 Maternal: 27.7 Paternal: 32.2 - T. gondii maternal seropositivity not seen to be associated with bipolar disorder in offspringDepression/dysphoria/hopelessness Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [101 ] 445 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with depressionDuffy et al. [102 ] 70 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with depression and dysphoriaYalin et al. [103 ] 37 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with depressionNasirpour et al. [103 ] 174 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with depressionGroër et al. [105 ] 414 – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with depressionAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [109 ] 400 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depression in pregnant womenGale et al. [108 ] 1846 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with major depressive disorderFlegr and Hodný [110 ] 5535 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depressionWadhawan et al. [21 ] 306 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with dysphoria and hopelessnessPearce et al. [20 ] 7440 (M) - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with unipolar mood disorders such as depressionCong et al. [74 ] 78 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depressionZaki et al. [111 ] 168 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depressionNourollahpour Shiadeh et al. [112 ] 360 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depressionShahnaz et al. [186 ] 180 – - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depressionAbd El-Aal et al. [114 ] 178 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with depressionEpilepsy Ngoungou et al. [17 ] 2888 (M) All ages + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be an epilepsy risk factorPalmer [18 ] 204 (M) No ages listed + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with epilepsy, especially cryptogenic epilepsyStommel et al. [119 ] 45 43 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with cryptogenic epilepsyNgô et al. [59 ] 149 – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be significantly higher in epilepsy patientsAbd El-Aal et al. [114 ] 178 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with epilepsyEltantawy et al. [128 ] 192 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with cryptogenic epilepsyAllahdin et al. [129 ] 185 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with epilepsyEraky et al. [130 ] 90 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with cryptogenic epilepsyZibaei et al. [131 ] 170 – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with epilepsyYazar et al. [132 ] 150 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with epilepsyCong et al. [74 ] 104 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with epilepsyBabaie et al. [118 ] 627 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with epilepsyAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [125 ] 198 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to increase the risk of certain types of epilepsyAkyol et al. [117 ] 150 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with epilepsyMiman et al. [116 ] 55 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with epilepsyHeadaches Koseoglu et al. [134 ] 104 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with migrainesFlegr and Escudero [137 ] 1266 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with migrainesJouyani et al. [138 ] 100 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with migrainesPrandota [133 ] 108 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with migrainesAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [136 ] 210 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with headaches, but high serointensity seen to be associated with recurring headachesOCD Flegr and Horáček [140 ] 7471 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with OCDMiman et al. [16 ] 142 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be significantly higher in OCD patients (48%) than controls (19%)Nayeri Chegeni et al. [143 ] 9873 (M) All ages + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with OCDAkaltun et al. [141 ] 60 Children and adolescents + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with increased risk of OCD in children and adolescentsÇakın Memik et al. [142 ] 87 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with OCDCong et al. [74 ] 82 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with OCDZaki et al. [111 ] 179 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with OCDFlegr and Escudero [137 ] 1256 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with OCDSleep Ahmad et al. [151 ] 2031 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with sleep disturbancesCorona et al. [153 ] 833 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with sleep disturbancesDard et al. [152 ] 170 53 (median age) - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with sleep disturbancesSuicide Okusaga et al. [49 ] 950 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with past suicidal behavior in young schizophrenic patientsYagmur et al. [154 ] 400 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with suicideLing et al. [155 ] WHO Europe All ages + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with suicide in women of postmenopausal ageBak et al. [156 ] 290 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with suicide attemptsCoryell et al. [158 ] 222 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with suicide attemptsDickerson et al. [159 ] 72 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with suicide attemptsAnsari-Lari et al. [160 ] 99 — + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with suicide attemptsArling et al. [161 ] 257 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with suicideAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [162 ] 156 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with suicide attemptsSari and Kara [157 ] 100 16 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with suicide attemptsSugden et al. [202 ] 837 38 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with suicide attemptsParkinson’s disease Miman et al. [23 ] 92 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseRamezani et al. 150 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseMahami-Oskouei et al. [163 ] 150 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseZhou et al. [164 ] 1086 (M) - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseCelik et al. [48 ] 100 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseFallahi et al. [165 ] 230 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [203 ] 260 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseGendy et al. [166 ] 90 53 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with Parkinson's diseaseSchizophrenia Torrey and Yolken [167 ] (M) – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaLeweke et al. [14 ] 148 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with recent onset schizophreniaCetinkaya et al. [15 ] 200 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaAlipour et al. [179 ] 124 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaMuflikhah et al. [178 ] 94 – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaBurgdorf et al. [177 ] 81912 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaKezai et al. [180 ] 140 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaFond et al. [181 ] 250 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaCong et al. [74 ] 89 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaAlvarado-Esquivel et al. [204 ] 218 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaZaki et al. [111 ] 214 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaAnsari-Lari et al. [160 ] 251 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaWang et al. [205 ] 800 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophreniaKhademvatan et al. [186 ] 100 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophrenia, higher prevalence in females than malesFlegr et al. [184 ] 173 + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophrenia, higher prevalence in males than femalesAl-Hussainy et al. [185 ] 177 – + T. gondii seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophrenia, higher prevalence in males than femalesKarabulut et al. [183 ] 145 - T. gondii seropositivity not seen to be associated with schizophreniaXiao et al. [190 ] 837 – + T. gondii maternal seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophrenia in offspringMortensen et al. [191 ] 1366 – + T. gondii maternal seropositivity seen to be associated with schizophrenia in offspringBrown [189 ] 186 - T. gondii maternal seropositivity not seen to be associated with schizophrenia in offspring