Research Article
Human Intestinal Parasitic Infections: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Elementary School Children in Merawi Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Table 1
Informant characteristics of elementary school children in Merawi town and their associations with HIPIs (April 2017).
| | Risk factors | No. (%) | HIPIs | | value | | Positive no. (%) | Negative no. (%) |
| | Gender | | | | | | | Male | 199 (49.2) | 94 (54.3) | 105 (45.7) | 2.978 | 0.084 | | Female | 204 (50.6) | 79 (45.7) | 125 (54.3) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | Age | | | | | | | 6–11 | 197 (48.9) | 119 (60.4) | 78 (39.6) | 48.869 | | | 12–18 | 196 (48.6) | 50 (25.5) | 146 (74.5) | | 19–21 | 10 (2.5) | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | The habit of handwashing before and after meals | | Always | 265 (65.8) | 83 (31.3) | 182 (68.7) | | | | Sometimes | 138 (34.2) | 90 (65.2) | 48 (34.8) | 42.557 | | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | | | The habit of handwashing after defecation | | Always | 95 (23.6) | 16 (16.8) | 79 (83.2) | | | | Sometimes | 133 (33.0) | 47 (35.3) | 86 (64.7) | | | | Not at all | 175 (43.4) | 110 (62.9) | 65 (37.1) | 60.918 | | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | | | Fingernail cleanliness | | | | | | | Clean | 258 (64.0) | 80 (31.0) | 178 (69.0) | | | | Not clean | 145 (36.0) | 93 (64.1) | 52 (35.9) | 41.588 | | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | | | Shoe wearing habit | | | | | | | Yes | 335 (83.1.) | 131 (39.1) | 204 (60.8) | | | | No | 68 (16.9) | 42 (61.8) | 26 (38.2) | 11.847 | 0.001 | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | | | Residence | | | | | | | Rural | 212 (52.6) | 126 (59.4) | 86 (40.6) | 42.829 | | | Urban | 191 (47.4) | 47 (24.6) | 144 (75.4) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | Latrine facility | | | | | | | Present | 392 (97.3) | 167 (42.6) | 225 (57.4) | 0.623 | 0.430 | | Absent | 11 (2.7) | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | Latrine usage | | | | | | | Always | 278 (69.0) | 98 (35.3) | 180 (64.7) | | | | Sometimes | 125 (31.0) | 75 (60.0) | 50 (40.0) | 21.556 | | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | | | Source of drinking water | | | | | | | Tap water | 327 (81.1) | 133 (40.7) | 194 (59.3) | 4.110 | 0.128 | | River/stream | 12 (3) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | | Well water | 64 (15.9) | 33 (51.6) | 31 (48.4) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | Treatment of water before drinking | | Boiled | 4 (1.0) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 3.587 | 0.310 | | Filtered | 21 (5.2) | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | | Chemical treated | 6 (1.5) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | | Untreated | 372 (92.3) | 161 (43.3) | 211 (56.7) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | Family size per household | | <5 | 221 (54.8) | 65 (29.4) | 156 (70.6) | | | | ≥5 | 182 (45.2) | 108 (59.3) | 74 (40.7) | 36.490 | | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | | | Paternal education | | | | | | | Illiterate | 79 (19.6) | 37 (46.8) | 42 (53.2) | 1.080 | 0.058 | | Primary | 174 (43.2) | 70 (40.2) | 104 (59.8) | | ≥secondary | 150 (37.2) | 66 (44.0) | 84 (56.0) | | Total | 403 (100) | 173 (42.9) | 230 (57.1) | | Maternal education | | | | | | | Illiterate | 180 (44.7) | 110 (61.1) | 70 (38.9) | 45.598 | | | Primary | 167 (41.4) | 43 (25.7) | 124 (74.3) | | ≥secondary | 56 (13.9) | 20 (35.7) | 36 (64.3) | | Total | 403 (100) | 110 (61.1) | 70 (38.9) | | Paternal occupation | | | | | | | Farmer | 196 (48.6) | 94 (48.0) | 102 (52.0) | 6.314 | 0.120 | | Merchant | 25 (6.2) | 12 (48.0) | 13 (52.0) | | Government employed | 43 (10.7) | 19 (44.2) | 24 (55.8) | | Private | 139 (34.5) | 48 (34.5) | 91 (65.5) | | Total | 403 (100) | 94 (48.0) | 102 (52.0) | | Maternal occupation | | | | | | | Farmer | 51 (12.6) | 20 (39.2) | 31 (60.8) | 7.421 | 0.115 | | Merchant | 21 (5.2) | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | | Government employed | 26 (6.5) | 12 (46.2) | 14 (53.8) | | Private | 112 (27.8) | 38 (33.9) | 74 (66.1) | | Housewife | 193 (47.9) | 95 (49.2) | 98 (50.8) | | Total | 403 (100) | 20 (39.2) | 31 (60.8) |
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Statistically significant at . |
