Prevalence, Phytochemical Investigation, and In Vitro Acaricidal Efficacy Evaluation of Dodonaea angustifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Millettia ferruginea, and Euphorbia abyssinica against Sarcoptic Mange of Camel, Babile District, Ethiopia
Table 1
(a) The overall Prevalence of mange mites based on different risk factors
Risk factors
Categories
No. examined animal
No. positive animal
Prevalence
value
Kebeles
Daketa
128
15
11.7
2.612a
0.271
Anod
128
24
18.8
Mullu
128
22
17.2
Total
384
61
15.9
Sex
Female
131
21
16.1
0.003a
0.532
Male
253
40
15.8
Total
384
61
15.9
Age
Adult
274
30
10.95
17.445a
0.001
Young
110
31
28.2
Total
384
61
15.9
Body condition
Poor
129
34
26.4
29.90a
0.001
Medium
163
22
13.5
Good
92
5
5.4
Total
384
61
15.9
(b) Percentage yield of crude/oil extracts of the selected medicinal plants leaf
Plants
Plant part extracted
Solvents for extraction
Weight of dry powder (g)
Weight of dry extract (g)
Yield %
Means of dilution
D. angustifolia
Leaf
Methanol
500
73
14.6
2% Tween 80
M. ferruginea
Leaf
Methanol
500
97
19.4
2% Tween 80
E. globulus
Leaf
Distilled water
500
38
7.6
2% Tween 80
E. abyssinica
Leaf
Methanol
400
69
17.25
2% Tween 80
(c) Qualitative determinations of active ingredients in crude/oil extracts of the selected plants
Secondary metabolites
D. angustifolia
M. ferruginea
E. globulus
E. abyssinica
Saponin
+
—
+
+
Tannin
—
+
+
+
Phenol
+
+
+
+
Steroids
+
+
+
—
Flavonoids
+
+
+
+
Phlobatannin
+
+
+
—
Glycosides
+
+
+
—
Triterpenes
+
+
+
—
Alkaloids
+
+
—
—
Note: +: present, -: absent (negative).
(d) Comparisons on acaricidal activity of different extracts on mange mites after 10-min exposure
Dose (mg/mL)
Mean number of mite dead () post exposure
D. angustifolia
M. ferruginea
E. globulus
E. abyssinica
200
100
50
25
12.5
6.25
2% Tween 80
1% diazinon
(e) Comparisons on acaricidal activity of different extracts on mange mites after 20-min exposure
Dose (mg/mL)
Mean number of mite dead () postexposure
D. angustifolia
M. ferruginea
E. globulus
E. abyssinica
200
100
50
25
12.5
6.25
2% Tween 80
1% diazinon
(f) Comparisons on acaricidal activity of different extracts on mange mites after 40-min exposure
Dose (mg/mL)
Mean number of mite dead () postexposure
D. angustifolia
M. ferruginea
E. globulus
E. abyssinica
200
100
50
25
12.5
6.25
2% Tween 80
1% diazinon
(g) Comparisons on acaricidal activity of different extracts on mange mites after 80-min exposure
Dose (mg/mL)
Mean number of mite dead () postexposure
D. angustifolia
M. ferruginea
E. globulus
E. abyssinica
200
100
50
25
12.5
6.25
2% Tween 80
1% diazinon
(h) Comparisons on acaricidal activity of different extracts on mange mites after 180-min exposure