Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheal Patients Attending Negelle Borena General Hospital: A Case-Control Study

Table 6

Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the associated risk factors of intestinal protozoal parasitic infection among positive diarrheal patients (cases) attending Negelle General Hospital.

Risk factors	Options	G. lamblia n (%)	AOR	p-value	E. Hist./dispar n (%)	AOR	p-value	Cryptosp. Spp n (%)	AOR	-value
Level of education	Illiterate	4 (28.6)	2.3	0.01^a	1 (11.1)	5.2	0.01^a	0 (0.0)	0.6	0.52
	Kindergarten	1 (7.1)	1.8	0.19	0 (0.0)	1.6	0.2	0 (0.0)	0.6	0.52
	Grade 1–6	3 (21.4)	0.8	0.36	5 (55.5)	0.5	0.1	1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
	Grade 7–12	2 (14.3)	2.9	0.09	3 (33.3)	0.5	0.4	0 (0.0)	0.6	0.52
	> Grade 12 (ref.)	4 (28.6)	—	—	0 (0.0)	—	—	0 (0.0)	—	—
Mothers educational level	Illiterate	6 (42.9)	1.0	0.03^a	6 (66.7)	3.7	0.04^a	1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
	Grade 1–12	1 (7.1)	2.9	.08	3 (33.3)	0.6	0.2	0 (0.0)	0.6	0.52
	Above 12 (ref.)	7 (50.0)	—	—	0 (0.0)	—	—	0 (0.0)	—	—
Presence and use of toilet	Yes	4 (28.6)	7.8	0.04^a	4 (44.4)	3.7	0.04^a	0 (0.0)	—	—
	No (ref.)	10 (71.4)	—	—	5 (55.5)	—	—	1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
Washing hand with soap after toilet	Yes	7 (50.0)	14	0.00^a	5 (55.5)	3.9	0.05	0 (0.0)	—	—
	No (ref.)	7 (50.0)	—	—	4 (44.4)			1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
Washing hand with soap before eating	Yes	5 (35.7)	14	≤0.001^a	3 (33.3)	5.2	0.01^a	0 (0.0)	—	—
	No (ref.)	9 (64.3)	—	—	6 (66.7)			1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
Eating raw fruit and vegetables	Yes	12 (85.7)	2.3	0.06	7 (77.8)	6.2	≤0.001^a	0.00	—	—
	No (ref.)	2 (14.3)	—	—	2 (22.2)	—	—	1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
Associated health problems	HIV (ref.)	0 (0.0)	—	—	0 (0.0)	—	—	0 (0)	—	—
	TB	14 (100)	0.33	0.40	9 (100)	0.83	0.76	1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
Contact with pet animals	Yes	6 (42.9)	1.7	0.64	6 (66.7)	0.33	0.38	1 (100)	3.2	≤0.001^a
	No (ref.)	8 (57.1)	—	—	3 (33.3)	—	—	0 (0.0)	—	—
Residence	Rural	10 (71.4)	0.7	0.39	7 (77.8)	0.9	0.5	0 (0.0)	—	—
	Urban (ref.)	4 (28.6)	—	—	2 (22.2)	—	—	1 (100)	0.2	0.06

n= Number of individuals found positive for the parasites found in the stool sample of the patients. AOR, adjusted odd ratios.
^aStatistically significant factors ().