A Comprehensive Review: Interaction of Appearance and Behavior, Artificial Skin, and Humanoid Robot

Table 1

Summary of studies on the influence of factors in human-robot interaction.

Authors	Objective	Sample size	Results	Description
Mara et al.	Reduce the value of the uncanny valley	75	Fear is significantly reduced	Hearing or reading a fictional story
Yam et al.	Effects of dehumanizing to set the stage for uncanny valley reduction	299	Significantly reduce the uncanny valley	“Dehumanizing” humanoid robots - stripping robots of their apparent capacity for feelings
Minato et al.	Relationship between appearance and behavior	20	Breaking eye contact could be a measure of robot-human likeness	Carefully observing micromovements such as shoulder movements caused by human breathing
Dio et al.	Study the difference between human and robot interaction	33	Difference between human-robot interaction	Studying the behavior of children from 5 to 6 years old through play with the robot
Kim et al.	Location of uncanny valley	900	An uncanny valley in the robot’s low- and medium-human likeness	Using 251 different robots to demonstrate the location of uncanny valleys
Ferrey et al.	Explain the cause and location of the uncanny valley	129	Negative peak of the valley is not always near the end (about 70%)	Transforming images from human to robot and from human to animal were used
Mathur et al.	Location of the uncanny valley	358	Uncanny valley is skewed toward the robot	Evaluating based on the 182 images of human and robot faces