Role and Mechanism of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Onset and Development of Cardiorenal Syndrome

Figure 1

Schematic representation of RAAS activation and its role. RAAS comprises enzymes and peptides. ① Renin secretion is increased under the condition of decreased circulating blood volume. ② Ang I promotes the secretion of norepinephrine and adrenaline, which enhance myocardial contractility and further increase cardiac output. ③ Ang II has a strong vasoconstrictive effect that acts in combination with increased cardiac output to maintain blood pressure stability. ③-④ Both Ang II and Ang III stimulate aldosterone secretion, thereby increasing circulating blood volume.