A Self-Oscillating System to Measure the Conductivity and the Permittivity of Liquids within a Single Triangular Signal

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Component type</td><td align="center"> Name</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"> PNP bipolar mirror</td><td align="center"> BCV62</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> NPN bipolar mirror</td><td align="center"> BCV61</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> CMOS switch </td><td align="center">ADG636</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> Schmitt NAND gate</td><td align="center">CD4093</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> Analog amplifier</td><td align="center">AD8661ARZ</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

PCB prototype components annotations and models.

Journal of Sensors

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Table 3

Table 3: A Self-Oscillating System to Measure the Conductivity and the Permittivity of Liquids within a Single Triangular Signal 