Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Nanoparticle-Embedded Coatings

Table 1

Summary of optical fiber sensors with NP-embedded coatings based on LPGs. Specific terms of sensitivity parameters, relative humidity (RH), limit of detection (LoD), parts per billion (ppb), refractive index units (RIU), and enhancement with respect to the same device without NPs (ENH).

Target	Nanoparticles	Deposition technique	Sensitivity parameters	Reference
Humidity	SiO2 NPs	LbL	0.2 nm/RH%	[143]
Ion chloride	Au colloids	LbL	0.46 nm/RH%	[13, 144]
Ethanol	ZnO nanorods	Aqueous chemical growth	LoD ≈ 0.04%	[145]
Ammonia	SiO2 NPs	LbL	—	[146]
Low-molecular chemicals	TiO2 NPs	LbL	LoD = 140 ppb	[147, 148]
RI	SiO2 NPs	LbL	10^−7 M	[149]
Proteins	SiO2 and Au NPs	LbL	1927 nm/RIU	[150]
Aromatic carboxylic acids	SiO2 NPs	LbL	19 nM	[151]
Low-molecular analytes	Au NPs	Sol-gel	1 nM	[152]
Corrosion	Fe and SiO2 NPs	Dip-coating	~2- and ~2.5-fold ENH for ATP and QDNA	[60]
Sucrose, RI	Au NPs	LbL	—	[153, 154]
Copper	Cibacron blue	LbL	20 nm ENH/RIU	[155]