A Cognitive Radio-Based Energy-Efficient System for Power Transmission Line Monitoring in Smart Grids

Table 1

A comparison of the notable features of existing and proposed system models.

Communications technology	Wireless sensor nodes (ZigBee, Bluetooth)	Hybrid network (WSN + cellular)	CR 802.22 WRAN (proposed)
Features
Network topology	Linear	Linear	Star (clustered)
Energy efficiency considered in design	x	x	✓
Overall network energy efficiency	Low (unbalance workload)	Low (unbalance workload)	High (balanced workload)
Network lifetime	Low	Low	High
Data rate	Low	High	High
Communication range	Low (few hundred meters)	Service coverage dependent	High (33–100 km)
Spectrum type	Unlicensed	Licensed	Unlicensed
Spectrum cost	Free	High	Free
Uncontrolled interference	✓	✓	x
Wideband spectrum	x	x	✓
Time delay	High	Moderate	Low
Power adaptation	x	x	✓
References	[3–12]	[13–15]	[4, 17]