A DLM-LSTM Framework for North-South Land Deformation Trend Analysis from Low-Cost GPS Sensor Time Series

Table 4

Performance of trend extraction at static site.

Method	RMSE (mm)	MAPE
DLM	2.3542	0.0771	0.9891
Kalman	7.7823	0.4522	0.7709
STL	544.9739	0.9690	0.5004