Adaptive Principal Component Analysis Combined with Feature Extraction-Based Method for Feature Identification in Manufacturing

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:1.77em"/><col style="width:7.09em"/><col style="width:3.80em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">j</td><td class="align_center"> fj</td><td class="align_center"> PCj</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">0</td><td class="align_center">512×384 pixels</td><td class="align_center"> 1.5236</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1</td><td class="align_center">C4, C5, C6, C7</td><td class="align_center"> 1.1458</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">2</td><td class="align_center">4-level</td><td class="align_center"> 1.3279</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">4</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.3916pt" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.42948pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 45.9571 12.3916" width="45.9571pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M542 242C542 369 469 429 379 468C370 472 372 496 376 513L416 681L400 691L344 648L219 51C167 69 113 128 113 217C113 324 166 387 266 428L252 459C124 418 23 336 23 202C23 95 90 13 205 -8L182 -132C165 -222 191 -254 209 -261L215 -258L270 -7C415 -4 542 98 542 242ZM469 232C469 126 403 33 279 39L355 409C399 394 469 331 469 232Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.02,3.132)"><path d="M459 623H177L96 330L102 324C115 328 154 340 193 340C293 340 332 281 332 202C332 93 272 37 190 37C128 37 87 70 63 96C55 103 50 103 42 98C28 91 18 77 16 65C14 52 19 41 31 28C49 9 93 -12 140 -12C184 -12 243 5 293 37C372 86 418 156 418 232C418 313 361 392 247 392C226 392 192 383 142 368L196 551H429L459 623Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.72,0)"><path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.863,0)"><path d="M542 242C542 369 469 429 379 468C370 472 372 496 376 513L416 681L400 691L344 648L219 51C167 69 113 128 113 217C113 324 166 387 266 428L252 459C124 418 23 336 23 202C23 95 90 13 205 -8L182 -132C165 -222 191 -254 209 -261L215 -258L270 -7C415 -4 542 98 542 242ZM469 232C469 126 403 33 279 39L355 409C399 394 469 331 469 232Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.883,3.132)"><path d="M501 640C462 634 422 626 376 611C189 552 52 397 52 193C52 74 120 -12 229 -12C347 -12 453 91 453 223C453 324 395 398 297 398C279 398 257 391 237 382L169 350L168 351C221 484 322 548 396 578C437 595 473 605 506 611L501 640ZM253 347C346 347 368 272 368 211C368 104 318 20 242 20C169 20 138 105 138 193C138 251 147 289 156 314C179 329 218 347 253 347Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.848,0)"><path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.991,0)"><path d="M542 242C542 369 469 429 379 468C370 472 372 496 376 513L416 681L400 691L344 648L219 51C167 69 113 128 113 217C113 324 166 387 266 428L252 459C124 418 23 336 23 202C23 95 90 13 205 -8L182 -132C165 -222 191 -254 209 -261L215 -258L270 -7C415 -4 542 98 542 242ZM469 232C469 126 403 33 279 39L355 409C399 394 469 331 469 232Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,41.011,3.132)"><path d="M510 623H136C124 577 111 527 93 484L119 476C155 544 166 551 229 551H440C331 368 198 182 49 0L56 -12L136 -2C262 203 394 408 518 611L510 623Z"></path></g></svg></td><td class="align_center"> 1.0954</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Optimal principal components PCj with suitable image features fj for detecting wrench samples.</div>

Journal of Sensors

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Adaptive Principal Component Analysis Combined with Feature Extraction-Based Method for Feature Identification in Manufacturing 