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| Method | Description | Limitations/achievements | References |
|
| Electrokinetic trapping | Separation based on properties of cfDNA, depletion of cfDNA based on charged ions | cfDNA could not further purified for specific ctDNA detection. | [57] |
| Micropillar, microcolumn packed, electrophoretic system on microchannel | Separation based on size of cfDNA | Insensitivity of the microdevice; cfDNA could not further be purified for specific ctDNA detection. | [58, 59] |
| ctDNA concentration-based microfluidic channel | Narrow microchannel and nanopore microchannel for ctDNA separation | No sensitivity specification | [60, 61] |
| qPCR and droplet-based reaction chamber | Thermal amplification which represents ddPCR was reported for cfDNA | No sensitivity specification | [62, 63] |
| Seven droplet-based digital PCR microfluidic system | Identify somatic mutations by detection of ctDNA. Sensitive quantification of mutated KRAS oncogene | Limited by the number of droplets for analysis | [64] |
| Dielectrophoretic capture | Electrodes used for trapping on microfluidic to separate ctDNA | No sensitivity specification | [65] |
| Microfluidic multiplex PCR | Integrated with sequencing technology for ctDNA mutation detection and disease monitoring using plasma of ovarian and pancreatic cancer patients | Sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 100% | [68] |
| Plastic microfluidic surface | Micropillars and immobilization buffer (IB) used for cfDNA isolation from samples of colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer patients to detect KRAS mutation gene | 90% of purities in cfDNA | [69] |
| Microfluidic platform integrated with Sanger sequencing method | Dimethyl dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP) binds to the amine group of ctDNA and sodium bicarbonate was used as an elution buffer to isolate ctDNA. | Identified 71.4% of mutation profile of KRAS and BRAF from colorectal cancer of patients stages I to IV within 15 minutes | [71] |
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