Energy-Spectral Efficiency Optimization in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks Using Salp Swarm Algorithm

Table 2

Values of path loss parameters.

Parameters	Values
	5%
	15%
	4π10^−7 N/A^2
	1
	F/m
	1.5 g/cm^3
	2.66 g/cm^3
	5%–25%
	s
	80.1
	4.9
	3
	0.3–1.3 GHz
	-130 dBm/Hz
	5
	60°