A Unified Calibration Paradigm for a Better Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation with Modes of Elastic Tube and Vascular Elasticity

Table 6

Comparison results with prior work.

Calibration method	Acquired signals (measure location)	Subjects	Test samples (pairs of BP)	Accuracy w.r.t. cuff BP ( (MAD)/mmHg; )
LS [27]	Only PPG: ear & toe		200	SBP: (7)^†; /; DBP: (7)^†; /
LS [8]	ECG: hands & leg; PPG: finger; PCG: chest		173	SBP: (4.71); 0.95; DBP: (4.44); 0.84
LS [28]	ECG: thorax; EIT: thorax		166	SPAP: ^‡ (6^†); 0.87^‡
PTP, three pairs [29]	PPG: finger; IPG: wrist		90	SBP: (6^†); 0.88; DBP: (5^†); 0.88
oPTP [2]	ECG: palms; PPG: finger		169	SBP: (4.4); 0.89; DBP: (4.6); 0.83
oPTP [30]	ECG: arm; PPG: arm		70	SBP: (6^†); 0.80; DBP: no estimation
Multiple regression [31]	ECG: back; PPG: thigh; BCG: thigh		1147	SBP: (5.50); 0.86; DBP: (3.86); 0.81
Probability distributions [32]	Only ECG: chest		3219	SBP: (7.72); /; DBP: (9.45); /
aPTP, this work (MK-BH model)	ECG: wrist & foot; PPG: finger		365	SBP: (6.0); 0.83; DBP: (4.4); 0.74
aPTP, this work (dMK-BH model)	ECG: wrist & foot; PPG: finger		365	SBP: (5.3); 0.87; DBP: (4.0); 0.78

Note 1: “/” = not be estimated based on reported results or able to be reported in corresponding authors’ other work. Note 2: “†” = be approximately estimated from the corresponding Bland-Altman plots. Note 3: “‡” = the median value of the corresponding estimation accuracy index. Note 4: PCG = phonocardiogram; BCG = ballistocardiography; IPG = impedance plethysmography; EIT = electrical impedance tomography; SPAP = systolic pulmonary artery pressure.