Research Article

Enhancing Interpretability of Data-Driven Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methodology with Maintainability Rules in Smart Building Management

Table 1

Normative References/Standards referred to for Mechanical and Electrical Systems.

Normative references/standards referred to for mechanical and electrical systems

AHRI 260Sound rating of ducted air moving and conditioning equipment
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2018Legionellosis: Risk management for building water systems
ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA standard 180-2018Standard practice for inspection and maintenance of commercial building HVAC systems
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES standard 90.1-2016Energy standard for buildings except low- rise residential buildings
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES/USGBC standard 189.1-2014Standard for the Design of High- Performance Green Buildings
AS 1668.2-2012The use of ventilation and airconditioning in buildings — Mechanical ventilation in buildings
AS 1735.1 : 2016Lifts, escalators and moving walks. General requirements
AS 2293 SET:2005Emergency escape lighting and exit signs set
AS HB 197 : 1999An introductory guide to the slip resistance of pedestrian surface materials
AS/NZS 2293.2 : 2019Emergency escape lighting and exit signs for buildings inspection and maintenance
AS/NZS 4663 : 2004Slip resistance measurement of existing pedestrian surfaces
ASHRAE guideline 12-2020Managing the risk of Legionellosis associated with building water systems
ASME A17.1/CSA B44:2019Safety code for elevators and escalators
ASME A17.3 : 2020Safety code for existing elevators and escalators
ASME A17.6 : 2017Standard for elevator suspension, compensation, and governor systems
BS 1363-4 : 201613 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connection units. Specification for 13 A fused connection units switched and unswitched
BS 5266-1 : 2016Emergency lighting. Code of practice for the emergency lighting of premises
BS 5306-3 : 2017Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Commissioning and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice
BS 5306-8 : 2012Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Selection and positioning of portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice
BS 5306-9 : 2015Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Recharging of portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice
BS 5655-11 : 2005Lifts and service lifts. Code of practice for the undertaking of modifications to existing electric lifts
BS 5655-6 : 2011Lifts and service lifts. Code of practice for the selection, installation and location of new lifts
BS 5839-1 : 2017Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice for design, in-stallation, commissioning and maintenance of systems in non-domestic premises
BS 5839-3 : 1988Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Specification for automatic release mechanisms for certain fire protection equipment
BS 5839-6 : 2019Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of fire detection and fire alarm systems in domestic premises
BS 5839-9 : 2011Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of emergency voice communication systems
BS 5908-1 : 2012Fire and explosion precautions at premises handling flammable gases, liquids and dusts. Code of practice for precautions against fire and explosion in chemical plants, chemical storage and similar premises
BS 6391 : 2009Specification for non-percolating lay flat delivery hoses and hose assemblies for fire-fighting purposes
BS 6423 : 2014Code of practice for maintenance of low-voltage switchgear and control gear
BS 6626 : 2010Maintenance of electrical switchgear and control gear for voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 36 kV. Code of practice
BS 7255 : 2012Code of practice for safe working on lifts
BS 7291-1 : 2010Thermoplastics pipe and fitting systems for hot and cold water for domestic purpos-es and heating installations in buildings. General requirements
BS 7430 : 2011 + A1 : 2015Code of practice for protective earthing of electrical installations
BS 7671 : 2018Requirements for electrical installations. IET wiring regulations
BS 7698-7 : 1996, ISO 8528-7 : 1994Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets. Technical declarations for specification and design
BS 8486-1 : 2007 + A1 : 2011Examination and test of new lifts before putting into service. Specification for means of determining compliance with BS EN 81. Electric lifts
BS 8512 : 2008Electric cables. Code of practice for the storage, handling, installation and disposal of cables on wooden drums
BS 8554 : 2015Code of practice for the sampling and monitoring of hot and cold water services in buildings
BS 8558 : 2015Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages. Complementary guidance to BS EN 806
BS 8899 : 2016Improvement of fire-fighting and evacuation provisions in existing lifts. Code of practice
BS 9990 : 2015Non automatic fire-fighting systems in buildings. Code of practice
BS EN 1004 : 2020Mobile access and working towers made of prefabricated elements. Materials, di-mensions, design loads, safety and performance requirements
BS EN 10088-2 : 2014Stainless steels. Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corro-Sion resisting steels for general purposes
BS EN 1057 : 2006 + A1 : 2010Copper and copper alloys. Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas in sanitary and heating applications
BS EN 115-1 : 2008 + A1:2017Safety of escalators and moving walks. Construction and installation
BS EN 13015 : 2001 + A1:2008Maintenance for lifts and escalators. Rules for maintenance instructions
BS EN 13121-3 : 2016GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground. Design and workmanship
BS EN 1402 : 2009Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies. Hydrostatic testing
BS EN 1567 : 1999Building valves. Water pressure reducing valves and combination water reducing valves. Requirements and tests.
BS EN 16767 : 2016Industrial valves. Steel and cast iron check valves
BS EN 1796 : 2013Plastics piping systems for water supply with or without pressure. Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP)
BS EN 1838 : 2013Lighting applications. Emergency lighting
BS EN 1947 : 2014Fire-fighting hoses. Semi-rigid delivery hoses and hose assemblies for pumps and vehicles
BS EN 1982 : 2017Copper and copper alloys. Ingots and castings
BS EN 1992-1-1 : 2004 + A1 : 2014Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings
BS EN 3 seriesPortable fire extinguishers
BS EN 50172 : 2004, BS 5266-8 : 2004Emergency escape lighting systems
BS EN 545 : 2010Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipe- lines. Require-ments and test methods
BS EN 598 : 2007 + A1 : 2009Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerage applications. Requirements and test methods
BS EN 61009-2-1 : 1995Specification for residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcur-rent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs). Applicability of the general rules to RCBOs functionally independent of line voltage
BS EN 62305-1 : 2011Protection against lightning. General principles
BS EN 694 : 2014Fire-fighting hoses. Semi-rigid hoses for fixed systems
BS EN 805 : 2000Water supply. Requirements for systems and components outside buildings
BS EN 806-5 : 2012Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human con-sumption. Operation and maintenance
BS EN 81-20 : 2020Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts. Lifts for the transport of persons and goods. Passenger and goods passenger lifts
BS EN 81-50 : 2020Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts. Examinations and tests. Design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components
BS EN ISO 16841 : 2014Steel wire ropes. Pulling eyes for rope installation. Types and minimum re-quirements
BS EN ISO 21003-2 : 2008 + A1 : 2011Multilayer piping systems for hot and cold water installations in-side buildings. Pipes
BS EN ISO 21003-3 : 2008Multilayer piping systems for hot and cold water installations inside build-ings. Fittings
BS EN ISO 21003-5 : 2008Multilayer piping systems for hot and cold water installations inside build-ings. Fitness for purpose of the system
BS ISO 10916 : 2014Calculation of the impact of daylight utilization on the net and final energy de-mand for lighting
BS ISO 18738 : 2012Measurement of lift ride quality. Lift (elevators)
BS ISO 18738-2 : 2012Measurement of ride quality — Part 2: Escalators and moving walks
CSA Z412-2000 (R2016)Guideline on office ergonomics
IEC 60079: 2021Explosive atmosphere standards
IEC 61009-1 : 2010 + AMD1 : 2012 + AMD2:2013 CSV (Consolidated version)Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs) — Part 1: General rules
IEC 62305-3 : 2010Protection against lightning — Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
IEC 62305-4 : 2010Protection against lightning — Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within struc-tures
ISO 10816-3 : 2009Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds be-tween 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ
ISO 12242 : 2012Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Ultrasonic transit- time meters for liquid
IISO 13612-1 : 2014Heating and cooling systems in buildings — Method for calculation of the system performance and system design for heat pump systems — Part 1: Design and dimensioning
ISO 1452-1 : 2009Plastics piping systems for water supply and for buried and aboveground drainage and sewerage under pressure – Unplaticized poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC-U) – Part 1: General
ISO 14798 : 2009Lifts (elevators), escalators and moving walks — Risk assessment and reduction methodology
ISO 16814 : 2008Building environment design — Indoor air quality — Methods of expressing the quality of indoor air for human occupancy
ISO 2017-1 : 2005Mechanical vibration and shock — Resilient mounting systems — Part 1: Technical information to be exchanged for the application of isolation systems
ISO 2230 : 2002Rubber products — Guidelines for storage
IISO 2408 : 2017Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Minimum requirements
ISO 25745-1 : 2012Energy performance of lifts, escalators and moving walks — Part 1: Energy measurement and verification
ISO 25745-2 : 2015Energy performance of lifts, escalators and moving walks — Part 2: Energy calcula-tion and classification for lifts (elevators)
ISO 25745-3 : 2015Energy performance of lifts, escalators and moving walks — Part 3: Energy calculation and classification of escalators and moving walks
ISO 29463-1 : 2011High-efficiency filters and filter media for removing particles in air — Part 1: Classi-fication, performance testing and marking
ISO 29463-5 : 2011High-efficiency filters and filter media for removing particles in air — Part 5: Test method for filter elements
ISO 3864-1 : 2011Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
ISO 4344 : 2004Steel wire ropes for lifts — Minimum requirements
ISO 5149-1 : 2014/Amd 1 : 2015Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - safety and environmental requirements - part 1: Definitions, classification and selection criteria AMENDMENT 1: Correction of QLAV, QLMV
ISO 6182 seriesFire protection - automatic sprinkler systems
ISO 7240 series
ISO 7465 : 2007
Fire detection and alarm systems
Passenger lifts and service lifts — Guide rails for lift cars and counter- weights - T-type
ISO 8995-1 : 2002/Cor 1 : 2005Lighting of work places — Part 1: Indoor
ISO9996:1996Mechanical vibration and shock — Disturbance to human activity and performance -classification
IISO/CD 8100-30 : 2019Lifts for the transport of persons and goods - part 30: Class I, II, III and VI lifts in-stallation
ISO/DIS 22559-1 : 2014Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) - part 1: Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
ISO/DTS 8100-21 : 2018Lifts for the transport of persons and goods - part 21: Global safety parameters (GSPs) meeting the global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
ISO/FDIS 13253 : 2017Ducted air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps - testing and rating for performance
ISO/NP TR 16765 : 2003Comparison of worldwide safety standards on lifts for firefighters
ISO/PRF 7165 : 2017Firefighting - portable fire extinguishers - performance and construction
ISO/TR 11071-2 : 2006Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards -part 2: Hydraulic lifts (elevators)
ISO/TR 25743 : 2010Lifts (elevators) - study of the use of lifts for evacuation during an emergency
JIS A 4302 : 2006Inspection standard of elevator, escalator and dumbwaiter
JIS A 4422 : 2020Toilet seat with shower unit
NFPA 10 : 2013Standard for portable fire extinguishers
NFPA 101 – 2018Life safety code
NFPA 110 - 2019Standard for emergency and standby power systems
NFPA 13 - 2019Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems
NFPA 14 – 2016Standard for the installation of standpipe and hose systems
NFPA 25 – 2017Standard for the inspection, testing, and maintenance of water-based fire protection systems
NFPA 72 – 2019National Fire Alarm and signaling code
NFPA 780 – 2020Standard for the installation of lightning protection systems
NFPA 80 – 2019Standard for fire doors and other opening protectives
SS 141 : 2013Specification for unplasticised PVC pipe for cold water services and industrial uses
SS 245 : 2014Specification for glass reinforced polyester sectional water tanks
SS 332 : 2018Specification for fire doors
SS 375-1 : 2015Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water - part 1: Specification
SS 403 : 2013Specification for 13A fused connection units switched and unswitched
SS 480 : 2016Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protec- tion for house-hold and similar uses (RCBOs) - general rules
SS 485 : 2011Specification for slip resistance classification of pedestrian surface materials
SS 508-3 : 2013Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Design princi- ples for graph-ical symbols for use in safety signs
SS 514 : 2016Code of practice for office ergonomics
SS 530 : 2014Code of practice for energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment
SS 531-1 : 2006 (2019)Code of practice for lighting of work places — Indoor
SS 532 : 2016Code of practice for the storage of flammable liquids
SS 535 : 2018Code of practice for installation, operation, maintenance, performance and construction requirements of mains failure standby generating systems
SS 538 : 2008Code of practice for maintenance of electrical equipment of electrical installations
SS 546 : 2009Code of practice for emergency voice communication systems in buildings
SS 550 : 2020Code of practice for installation, operation and maintenance of electric passenger and goods lifts
SS 551 : 2009Code of practice for earthing
SS 553 : 2016Code of practice for air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation in buildings
SS 554 : 2016Code of practice for indoor air quality for air-conditioned buildings
SS 555-1 : 2018Code of practice for protection against lightning — Part 1: General principles
SS 555-3 : 2018Code of practice for protection against lightning — Part 3: Physical damage to struc-tures and life hazard
SS 555-4 : 2018Code of practice for protection against lightning — Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within structures
SS 563-1 : 2010 (2017)Code of practice for the design, installation and maintenance of emergency lighting and power supply systems in buildings — Part 1: Emergency lighting
SS 563-2 : 2010 (2017)Code of practice for the design, installation and maintenance of emer- gency lighting and power supply systems in buildings — Part 2: Installation requirements and maintenance procedures
SS 564-1 : 2020Green data centres - part 1: Energy and environmental management systems
SS 564-2 : 2020Singapore standard for green data centres — Part 2: Guidance for energy and envi-ronmental management systems
SS 575 : 2012Code of practice for fire hydrant, rising mains and hose reel systems
SS 578 : 2019Code of practice for use and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers
SS 591 : 2013Code of practice for long term measurement of central chilled water system energy efficiency
SS 626 : 2017Code of practice for design, installation and maintenance of escalators and moving walks
SS CP 10 : 2005Code of practice for the installation and servicing of electrical fire alarm systems
SS CP 48 : 2005Code of practice for water services
SS CP 5 : 1998Code of practice for electrical installations
SS CP 52 : 2004Code of practice for automatic fire sprinkler system
SS CP 82 : 1999Code of practice for waterproofing of reinforced concrete buildings
SS CP 99 : 2003Code of practice for industrial noise control
SS EN 3–7 : 2012 (2020))Portable fire extinguishers — Characteristics, performance requirements and test methods
SS IEC 60598-1 : 2016Luminaires — Part 1: General requirements and tests
SS ISO 22301 : 2020Security and resilience - business continuity management systems — Requirements
SS ISO 22313 : 2020Security and Resilience - Business continuity management systems — Guidance on the use of ISO 22301
V DI 4707 : 2007Lifts energy efficiency