Enhancing Interpretability of Data-Driven Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methodology with Maintainability Rules in Smart Building Management

Table 14

Electrical Systems – Switchgear.

Problem	Design	Construction	Maintenance
Unsafe switchboard/electrical power distribution; Water seepage in electrical closet; Thermal image of an overheated circuit breaker; Burnt cable	Adopt the requirements of electrical installations in accordance with BS 7671, SS 638 (formerly SS CP 5), NFPA 70 [15] or equivalent; including the location and number of power points. Ensure switchboards have adequate space and access for operation and maintenance.; Specify suitable switch closets with regard to moisture exposure conditions. Refer to the definition of types and functionality of RCCBs (residual current circuit breakers, and specifications for RCBOs (residual current operated circuit breaker with overcurrent protection) in accordance with SS 480, type tested to IEC 61439, IEC; 61009-1, BS EN 61009-2-1 or equivalent.; Provide sub-metering system with remote measurement capability and link to BMS/EMS to track energy consumption data trends.; Do not place sanitary pipes above electrical transformer/switchgear.; Consider having arc chute design for switchboards with rating 200 A and above for protection and safety of personnel against explosion.; Install fault management system to provide historical data trends for ease of troubleshooting and maintenance in the event of constant or random tripping to earth leakage.; For minimal electrical shutdown to replace faulty breakers, consider having the plug-in breakers/units building low voltage boards.	Adopt the guidelines for construction and compliance inspection of electrical connections and earthing in accordance with BS 1363-4, SS 403 or equivalent.; Refer to BS 8512 for storage, handling and installation of power cables on wooden drums.; Install sub-metering system with remote measurement capability and link to BMS/EMS to track energy consumption data trends.; Ensure all accessible metal parts of connection units are in electrical contact with the earthing terminal(s) in accordance with BS 1363-4, SS 403 or equivalent.	Adopt the maintenance of electrical installations in accordance with BS 6423, BS 6626, SS 538, SS638 (formerly CP5), NFPA 70B or equivalent.; Check for insulation damages (e.g., cracks, blisters, warping) caused by overheating, physical impact or by spillage of cleaning chemicals. Check for potential short circuits or ground faults. Ensure that switchboards are not exposed to direct sunlight or alternative heat sources conduct annual shutdown to eradicate hot spots along the distribution network as witnessed by the owner and certified by a licensed electrical worker (LEW). Provide necessary warning notices/labels at switchboards (e.g., shock hazard warnings).