Valerio Pruneri

Christos Riziotis

Peter G. R. Smith

Athanasios Vasilakos

Fiber and Integrated Waveguide-Based Optical Sensors

A carbohydrate-based biosensor was prepared by functionalization of the surface of an etched fiber Bragg grating with a glucopyranosyl-siloxane conjugate. Functionalization of the surface with the conjugate resulted in a Bragg grating shift of 24 pm. This shift in the refractive index is consistent with a theoretical shift calculated assuming monolayer coverage of the glucose conjugate on the sensor. The resulting functionalized fiber was shown to interact selectively with concanavalin A (Con A), a glucose binding protein (lectin). Exposure of the glucose-functionalized fiber to peanut agglutinin, a galactosebinding lectin, did not result in a change of the refractive index corresponding to a binding event.

Christopher J. Stanford

Geunmin Ryu

Mario Dagenais

Matthew T. Hurley

Karen J. Gaskell

Philip DeShong

Covalent Attachment of Carbohydrate Derivatives to an Evanescent Wave Fiber Bragg Grating Biosensor

While a number of literature reviews have been published in recent times on the applications of optical fibre sensors in smart structures research, these have mainly focused on the use of conventional glass-based fibres. The availability of inexpensive, rugged, and large-core plastic-based optical fibres has resulted in growing interest amongst researchers in their use as low-cost sensors in a variety of areas including chemical sensing, biomedicine, and the measurement of a range of physical parameters. The sensing principles used in plastic optical fibres are often similar to those developed in glass-based fibres, but the advantages associated with plastic fibres render them attractive as an alternative to conventional glass fibres, and their ability to detect and measure physical parameters such as strain, stress, load, temperature, displacement, and pressure makes them suitable for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Increasingly their applications as sensors in the field of structural engineering are being studied and reported in  literature. This article will provide a concise review of the applications of plastic optical fibre sensors for monitoring the integrity of engineering structures in the context of SHM.

K. S. C. Kuang

S. T. Quek

C. G. Koh

W. J. Cantwell

P. J. Scully

Plastic Optical Fibre Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: A Review of Recent Progress

We discuss the background and technology of planar Bragg grating sensors, reviewing their development and describing the latest developments. The physical operating principles are discussed, relating device operation to user requirements. Recent performance of such devices includes a planar Bragg grating sensor design which allows refractive index resolution of <svg style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:65.824997px;" id="M1" height="14.4625" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 65.824997 14.4625" width="65.824997"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>. This sensor design is incorporated into industrialised applications allowing the sensor to be used for real time sensing in intrinsically safe, high-pressure pipelines, or for insertion probe applications such as fermentation. Initial data demonstrating the ability to identify solvents and monitor long term industrial processes is presented. A brief review of the technology used to fabricate the sensors is given along with examples of the flexibility afforded by the technique.

I. J. G. Sparrow

P. G. R.  Smith

G. D. Emmerson

S. P. Watts

C. Riziotis

Planar Bragg Grating Sensors&#8212;Fabrication and Applications: A Review

The fundamental mode 
                  cutoff properties of Ge-doped microstructured 
                  fibers, filled with a liquid, permit the 
                  implementation of wavelength- and 
                  amplitude-encoded temperature sensors with an 
                  ultra-high sensitivity. The cutoff wavelength 
                  changes with temperature, and the thermo-optic 
                  coefficient of the liquid determines the 
                  sensitivity of the sensor. Sensitivity as high 
                  as 25&#x2009;<svg     style="vertical-align:-2.22493pt;width:46.6875px;" id="M1" height="15.7125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 46.6875 15.7125" width="46.6875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> is reported. In addition, simple amplitude interrogation techniques can be implemented using the same sensor heads.

Salvador Torres-Peiró

Antonio Díez

José Luis Cruz

Miguel Vicente Andrés

Temperature Sensor Based on Ge-Doped Microstructured Fibers

Fiber-optic modal interferometers with a coaxial-Michelson configuration can be used to monitor aqueous solutions by simple dipping of few centimeters of a fiber tip. The fabrication of these sensors to work around 850 nm enables the use of compact, robust, and low-cost optical spectrum analyzers. The use of this type of portable sensor system to monitor sewage treatment plants is shown.

Paola Barrios

David Sáez-Rodríguez

Amparo Rodríguez

Fiber-Optic Aqueous Dipping Sensor Based on Coaxial-Michelson Modal Interferometers

Bulk surface Plasmons resonance devices have been researched for several decades. These devices have found a special niche as high-sensitivity refractive index sensor in biomedical applications. Recent advances in guided wave
devices are rapidly changing the capabilities of such sensors, not only increasing convenience of use but also
opening opportunities due to their versatility. This paper reviews many of these devices and presents some of their
salient features.

Raman Kashyap

Galina Nemova

Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Fiber and Planar Waveguide Sensors

In this work we described an optical fibre sensing system for detecting low levels of methane. The properties of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres are explored to have a sensing head with favourable characteristics for gas sensing, particularly in what concerns intrinsic readout sensitivity and gas diffusion time in the sensing structure. The sensor interrogation was performed applying the Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy technique, and a portable measurement unit was developed with performance suitable for remote detection of low levels of methane. This portable system has the capacity to simultaneously interrogate four remote photonic crystal fibre sensing heads.

J. P. Carvalho

H. Lehmann

H. Bartelt

F. Magalh&#227;es

R. Amezcua-Correa

J. L. Santos

J. Van Roosbroeck

F. M. Ara&#250;jo

L. A. Ferreira

J. C. Knight

Remote System for Detection of Low-Levels of Methane Based on Photonic Crystal Fibres and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy

We have developed a unique wide and fast wavelength-swept fiber laser for dynamic and accurate fiber sensing. The wavelength tuning is based on the dispersion tuning technique, which simply modulates the loss/gain in the dispersive laser cavity. By using wideband semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), the sweep range could be as wide as <svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.1px;" id="M1" height="5.7375002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10.1 5.7375002" width="10.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.675)"><path id="x223C" d="M548 311q-21 -57 -59 -94t-89 -37q-53 0 -128 52q-55 38 -84 38q-39 0 -70.5 -23t-45.5 -60l-32 12q21 57 59 94t89 37q53 0 128 -52q55 -38 84 -38q39 0 70.5 23t45.5 60z" /></g></svg>180 nm. Since the cavity contains no mechanical components, such as tunable filters, we could achieve very high sweep rate, as high as <svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.1px;" id="M2" height="5.7375002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10.1 5.7375002" width="10.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.675)"><use xlink:href="#x223C" /></g></svg>200 kHz. We have realized the swept lasers at three wavelength bands, 1550 nm, 1300 nm, and 800 nm, using SOAs along with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), and in two laser configurations, ring and linear ones. We also succeeded in applying the swept laser for a dynamic fiber-Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system. In this paper, we review our researches on the wide and fast wavelength-swept fiber lasers.

Shinji Yamashita

Yuichi Nakazaki

Ryosei Konishi

Osamu Kusakari

Wide and Fast Wavelength-Swept Fiber Laser Based on Dispersion Tuning for Dynamic Sensing

Optical fiber sensors have unique advantages and distinctive features that make them very attractive for many applications especially those involving challenging conditions where other traditional electrical sensors usually fail. Among the commercially available optical fiber sensors, the Fabry-Pérot sensing technology is probably the most versatile and the most interesting one since a relatively low-cost universal signal conditioner could easily read compatible Fabry Pérot sensors measuring different physical parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, displacement, or refractive index. This papers details the numerous advantages of this optical sensing technology and also summarizes the operating modes of commercially available signal conditioners and sensors.

Éric Pinet

Fabry-Pérot Fiber-Optic Sensors for Physical Parameters Measurement in Challenging Conditions

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Fiber and Integrated Waveguide-Based Optical Sensors

Fiber and Integrated Waveguide-Based Optical Sensors

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