Research Article

UV-Induced Skin Cancer Knowledge, Sun Exposure, and Tanning Behavior among University Students: Investigation of an Opportunity Sample of German University Students

Table 4

Total number of correctly answered items of the “Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale.”

ItemTotalFemaleMale
(n = 107)(n = 92)(n = 15)
% (n)% (n)% (n)

1I should stay out of the sun if my shadow is shorter than my body.36.4 (39)35.9 (33)40.0 (6)
2Sunbathing for only a couple of weeks a year (e.g., when on holiday) increases your likelihood of getting skin cancer.60.7 (65)60.9 (56)60.0 (9)
3Solariums/sunbeds are a safe way to get a tan.96.3 (103)96.7 (89)93.3 (14)
4When using sunscreen, you can tan without any negative effects.86.0 (92)88.0 (81)73.3 (11)
5Having a tan protects my skin from the sun.62.6 (67)64.1 (59)53.3 (8)
6A fake/spray on tan provides me with no protection from the sun.85.0 (91)85.9 (79)80.0 (12)
7Keeping your skin tanned at a solarium during the winter protects it from sun damage during the summer85.0 (91)87.0 (80)73.3 (11)
8Gradual tanning eliminates most of the negative effects of lengthy exposure to the sun.28.0 (30)30.4 (28)13.3 (2)
9A tan is a sign that the skin is damaged.10.3 (11)10.9 (10)6.7 (1)
10UVR (ultraviolet ray) from tanning beds is safer than UVR from the sun.77.6 (83)79.3 (73)66.7 (10)
11Tanning is an unsafe way to get the vitamin D your body needs.32.7 (35)34.8 (32)20.0 (3)
12A tan is a sign of good health.77.6 (83)80.4 (74)60.0 (9)
13If you are not usually exposed to the sun, being severely sunburned two or three times during your life will probably not increase your chances of skin disease.66.4 (71)68.5 (63)53.3 (8)
14The only way a person can get skin cancer is from too much exposure to the sun.87.9 (94)85.9 (79)100 (15)
15People with dark skin cannot get skin cancer.95.3 (102)95.7 (88)93.3 (14)
16When should sunscreen be applied for best protection?97.2 (104)97.8 (90)93.3 (14)
17How often should SPF 30 sunscreen be reapplied?60.7 (65)64.1 (59)40.0 (6)
18When is the sun the strongest?88.8 (95)88.0 (81)93.3 (14)
19Damage caused by the sun can be repaired by:61.7 (66)66.3 (61)33.3 (5)
20What type of clothing usually blocks more UV radiation (from the sun)?21.5 (23)21.7 (20)20.0 (3)
21What does SPF 30 mean?47.7 (51)45.7 (42)60.0 (9)
22Can you get a sunburn?86.9 (93)85.9 (79)93.3 (14)
23Which of the following increases your risk of skin cancer?72.9 (78)72.8 (67)73.3 (11)
24What is the most common form of skin cancer?8.4 (9)9.8 (9)0 (0)
25Which of the following could be a sign of skin cancer?29.9 (32)28.3 (26)40.0 (6)