A Meta-Analysis of Soccer Injuries on Artificial Turf and Natural Grass

Table 2

Adjusted rate ratios for subcategory injuries (95% CI).

	ID	All injuries	Knee injuries	Ankle injuries	Foot injuries^1	Sprains	Muscle strains
Match	1,2,3,4,5,7,8	0.97 (0.91–1.04)	1.04 (0.91–1.20)	0.98 (0.86–1.12)	0.82 (0.67–1.00)	0.97 (0.87–1.09)	0.85 (0.75–0.97)*
Training	1,2,3,4,6,7,8	1.04 (0.96–1.13)	0.77 (0.69–0.94)*	1.07 (0.92–1.24)	1.02 (0.75–1.38)	1.15 (0.99–1.30)	0.90 (0.78–1.03)
Male	1,2,3,4,5,6,7	0.87 (0.81–0.92)*	0.79 (0.69–1.03)	0.98 (0.87–1.11)	0.92 (0.74–1.15)	1.06 (0.96–1.17)	0.74 (0.66–0.83)
Female	3,5,6,7,8	0.85 (0.76–0.94)*	0.94 (0.77–1.16)	0.83 (0.67–1.02)	1.04 (0.73–1.49)	0.67 (0.56–0.79)*	0.84 (0.70–1.02)
Youth	1,7,8	0.90 (0.82–1.00)*	0.90 (0.66–1.23)	0.89 (0.74–1.08)	0.85 (0.57–1.28)	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.54 (0.36–0.81)*
Adult	2,3,4,5,6	0.85 (0.80–0.90)*	0.82 (0.72–0.92)*	0.89 (0.79–1.00)	0.96 (0.80–1.16)	0.89 (0.81–0.98)*	0.79 (0.72–0.87)*

* 𝑃<0.05. ¹Studies 1, 4, and 8 did not define foot injuries.