Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations for Estimating Body Fat in Professional Male Soccer Players Compared with DXA

Table 1

Analyzed anthropometric equations (developed in athletic populations).

Author	Equation
Forsyth 2SKF [25]	BD = 1.103 − (0.00168 Sb) − (0.00127 Ab)
Forsyth 4SKF [25]	BD = 1.10647 − (0.00162 Sb) − (0.00144 Ab) − (0.00077 T) + (0.00071 Ax)
Pascale [26]	BD = 1.088468 − (0.007123 Ax) − (0.004834 Ch) − (0.005513 T)
Thorland 3SKF [27]	BD = 1.1136 − (0.00154 [T, SB, Ax]) + (0.00000516 [T, SB, Ax]^2)
Thorland 7SKF [27]	BD = 1.1091 − (0.00052 [T, Sb, Ax, IC, Ab, Th, Ca]) + (0.00000032 [T, Sb, Ax, IC, Ab, Th, Ca]^2)
White [28]	BD = 1.0958 − (0.00088 IC) − (0.0006 Th)
Withers [29]	BD = 1.0988 − (0.0004 [T, Sb, B, Sp, Ab, Th, Ca])
Zuti [30]	BD = 1.0806 − (0.001187 WC) − (0.001076 Ch) + (0.015306 WD)
Evans 3SKF [31]	BF% = 8.997 + (0.24658 [Ab, Th, T]) − (6.343 Sex) − (1.998 Race)
Evans 7SKF [31]	BF% = 10.566 + (0.12077 [Sb, T, Ch, Ax, IC, Ab, Th]) − (8.057 Sex) − (2.545 Race)
Oliver [32]	BF% = 3.53 + (0.132 [Ch, T, Sb, Ax, IC, Ab, Th])
Reilly [16]	BF% = 5.174 + (0.124 Th) + (0.147 Ab) + (0.196 T) + (0.13 Ca)
Civar [18]	BF% = (0.432 T) + (0.193 Ab) + (0.364 B) + (0.077 BM) − 0.891
Stewart [33]	BFM = (331.5 Ab) + (356.2 Th) + (111.9 BM) − 9108

BF%: body fat percentage; Ab: abdomen skinfold; Ax: axilla skinfold; B: biceps skinfold; BD: body density; BFM: body fat mass (g); BM: body mass (kg); Ca: calf skinfold; Ch: chest skinfold; IC: iliac crest skinfold; Sb: subscapular skinfold; SKF: skinfolds; Sp: supraspinal skinfold; T: triceps skinfold; Th: thigh skinfold; WC: waist circumference (cm); WD: wrist diameter (cm). All skinfolds are in millimeters, unless otherwise stated. Skinfolds in centimeters. Age: years. Sex: male 1 and female 0. Race: black 1 and white 0.