Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations to Estimate DXA-Derived Skeletal Muscle Mass in Professional Male Soccer Players

Table 1

Analyzed anthropometric equations for estimating skeletal muscle mass.

Author	Equation
Kim (2002) [8]	SMM = (1.13 ALST) – (0.02 Age) + (0.61 SexA) + 0.97
De Rose (1980) [11]	SMM = BW – (FM + BM + RM)
Heymsfield (1982) [12]	SMM = Height [0.0264 + (0.0029 CAMA)]
Drinkwater (1980) [13]	SMM = (AZ 2.99 + 25.55)/(170.18/Height)^3
Kerr (1988) [14]	SMM = (ZMU 5.4 + 24.5)/(170.18/Height)^3
Martin (1990) [15]	SMM = [Height (0.0553 CMTG^2 + 0.0987 FAG^2 + 0.0331 CCG^2) – 2445]/1000
Doupe (1997) [16]	SMM = [Height (0.031 CMTG^2 + 0.064 CCG^2 + 0.089 CAGm^2) – 3006]/1000
Lee (2000) [17]	SMM = (Height/100) (0.00587 CAG^2 + 0.00138 CMTG^2 + 0.00574 CCG^2) + (2.4 SexA) – (0.026 Age) + Race + 4.4
Kuriyan (CAMA) (2008) [18]	SMM = 14.718 + (0.366 CAMA)
Kuriyan (AMA/TMA) (2008) [18]	SMM = 10.122 + (0.23 AMA) + (0.049 TMA)
Apendix	FM = 0.01 BW [(SbSF + TSF + SpSF + ASF) 0.153 + 5.783]
	BM = 3.02 [(Height/100)^2 (BSD/100) (BFD/100) 400]^0.712
	RM = BW 0.241
	CAMA = AMA – SexB
	AMA = [ARG – (π TSF/10)]^2/4π
	TMA = [MTG – (πThSF/10)]^2/4π
	ZMU = [(CAG + FAG + CMTG + CCG + CChG) (170.18/Height)] – 207.21/13.74
	CAG = ARG – (π TSF/10)
	CAGm = ARG – π [(Average of TSF + BSF)/10]
	CMTG = MTG – (π ThSF/10)
	CTG = TG – (π ThSF/10)
	CCG = CG – (π CSF/10)
	CChG = ChG – (π SbSF/10)
	AZ = (ZCAG + ZCTG + ZCCG + ZCChG)/4
	ZCAG = 1/1.91 [CAG (170.18/Height) – 22.05]
	ZCTG = 1/3.59 [CTG (170.18/Height) – 47.34]
	ZCCG = 1/1.97 [CCG (170.18/Height) – 30.22]
	ZCChG = 1/4.86 [CChG (170.18/Height) – 82.46]

Race was hispanic for all the samples.
Equations listed as reported by De Rose (1980) [11].
Abbreviations: Age: years; ALST: appendicular lean soft tissue (kg); AMA: arm muscle area (cm²); ARG: arm relaxed girth; ASF: abdominal skinfold; AZ: Z-score average; BFD: biepicondilar femur diameter (cm); BM: bone mass (kg); BSD: bi-stylion diameter (cm); BSF: biceps skinfold; BW: body weight (kg); CAG; corrected arm girth; CAGm: corrected arm girth modified; CAMA: corrected arm muscle area (cm²); CCG: corrected calf girth; CChG: corrected chest girth; CG: calf girth; ChG: chest girth; CMTG: corrected mid-thigh girth; CSF: medial calf skinfold; CTG: corrected thigh girth; FAG: forearm girth; FM: fat mass (kg); height (cm); MTG: mid-thigh girth; race: Asian = -1.6, Afro-American = 1.2, White or Hispanic = 0; RM: residual mass (kg); SbSF: subscapular skinfold; SexA: men =1, women = 0; SexB: men = 10, women = 6.5; SMM: skeletal muscle mass (kg); SpSF: supraspinal skinfold; TG: thigh girth; ThSF: front thigh skinfold; TMA: thigh muscle area (cm²); TSF: triceps skinfold; ZCAG: Z-score of CAG; ZCCG: Z-score of CCG; ZCChG: Z-score of CChG; ZCTG: Z-score of CTG; ZMU: Z-score of sum of corrected girths.