Sleep Quality’s Effect on Vigilance and Perceptual Ability in Adolescent and Adult Athletes
Table 2
Analysis between PSQI results and age group. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The relationship between reaction time and age group is presented as value.
Total n = 86
Adolescents n = 35
Adults n = 51
†
95% Cl
Reaction time (sec)
Adolescents
Adults
How long has it taken you to fall asleep each night?
13.9 ± 9.2
14.5 ± 8.6
13.6 ± 9.8
0.660
−3.167–4.971
0.061
0.477
What time have you usually gotten up in the morning?
9.2 ± 2.2
9.3 ± 1.4
9.1 ± 2.6
0.711
−0.794–1.160
0.722
0.987
How many hours of actual sleep did you get at night?
7.7 ± 1.3
7.6 ± 1.4
7.8 ± 1.3
0.645
−0.717–0.446
0.939
0.749
Cannot get to sleep within 30 minutes
0.7 ± 0.9
0.9 ± 1.0
0.6 ± 0.9
0.053
−0.005–0.811
0.168
0.127
Wake up in the middle of the night or early morning
0.9 ± 1.0
1.5 ± 1.1
0.6 ± 0.9
<0.001
0.377–1.242
0.908
0.713
Have to get up to use the bathroom
0.8 ± 0.9
1.1 ± 0.9
0.6 ± 0.8
0.007
0.152–0.938
0.106
0.621
Cannot breathe comfortably
0.1 ± 0.2
0.1 ± 0.4
0.1 ± 0.1
0.046
0.002–0.226
0.014
0.693
Cough or snore loudly
0.2 ± 0.5
0.3 ± 0.7
0.1 ± 0.2
0.020
0.040–0.470
0.087
0.764
Feel too cold
0.1 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.2
0.255
−0.055–0.205
0.158
0.077
Feel too hot
0.7 ± 1.0
1.1 ± 1.0
0.4 ± 0.8
0.001
0.308–1.153
0.190
0.642
Have bad dreams
0.3 ± 0.6
0.4 ± 0.7
0.1 ± 0.4
0.012
0.073–0.566
0.035
0.729
Have pain
0.1 ± 0.2
0.1 ± 0.1
0.1 ± 0.2
0.794
−0.091–0.070
0.734
0.673
During the past month…
…how often have you taken medicine to help you sleep?
0.1 ± 0.1
0.1 ± 0.1
/±/
—
−0.018–0.075
0.743
—
…how often have you had trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activity?
0.1 ± 0.4
0.3 ± 0.6
0.1 ± 0.2
0.027
0.023–0.373
0.494
0.830
…how much of a problem has it been for you to keep up enthusiasm to get things done?
0.3 ± 0.5
0.4 ± 0.6
0.1 ± 0.4
0.009
0.075–0.507
0.241
0.348
…how would you rate your sleep quality overall?
0.8 ± 0.7
0.9 ± 0.7
0.7 ± 0.6
0.219
−0.139–0.460
0.471
0.376
Questions 5–13 [scale: not during the past month (0), less than once a week (1), once or twice a week (2), three or more times a week (3)]; Questions 14–17 [scale: very good (0), fairly good (1), fairly bad (2), very bad (3)], RT = reaction time, † between groups, 95% Cl = 95% confidence Interval of the difference.
