Online Monitoring of Water-Quality Anomaly in Water Distribution Systems Based on Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis by UV-Vis Absorption Spectroscopy

Table 1

Summary of traditional approaches for water-quality event detection with UV-Vis.

Approach	Benefits	Confines
Single/double wavelength	Well-developed, simple	Vulnerable to external influences
Deconvolution	Combination of mechanisms	Require preacknowledge of contaminant category
ANN or SVM	Nonlinear models	Large number of samples are required
PCA with PLS	Linear decomposition with feature extraction	Lack of flexibility