Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterogeneous Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production from Expired Sunflower Cooking Oil

Table 1

FTIR spectra represented as wave numbers for untreated sucrose (A), carbonized sucrose (B), and carbonized + sulphonated sucrose (C).

Wave numbers; A	Group attributed	Wave numbers; B	Group attributed	Wave numbers; C	Group attributed
3325	O–H	3333	O–H	2965	C–H
2900	C–H	1707	C=O	1769	C=O
1490	C–C	1590	C=C	1758	C=O
1430	C–O	1420	C=C	1456	C=C
1320	C–O	1239	C–O	1376	O=S
1066	C–OH	986	C–O	1245	–SO3H
1055	C–OH			1057	S=O