X-Ray-Induced Changes to Passivation Layers of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Figure 2

Total signal intensity vs. beam exposure time for the 1s electrons of Si, P, O, and C normalized to the initial intensity from BF-Si nanoparticle battery electrode after 20 charge/discharge cycles in FEC solvent. Uncertainty in these measurements, propagated from the fit areas, is less than 10% for all measurements. Energy incident on the sample from the 4 keV photon beam is estimated to be 1.5 J after 3 hours.