Research Article

Low-Content Quantitation in Entecavir Tablets Using 1064 nm Raman Spectroscopy

Table 2

The assignments of Raman characteristic peaks for ETV-H and all excipients used in Baraclude tablets.

Raman peaksVibrational assignments

Entecavir monohydrate (ETV-H)
288 maTorsion vibration of NCNH, OHOC, and OHOH and bending vibration of H-O-H and OCN
341 mBending vibration of CCO
372 mTorsion vibration of CCOH and out-of-plane deformation of NNNC and NCNC
614 sBending vibration of CCC
672 sTorsion vibration of NCNC and NCNH and out-of-plane deformation of NNNC and OCNC
885 mStretching vibration of OC and CC and bending vibration of CCH and NCN
1065 mStretching vibration of OC
1196 mStretching vibration of CC, NC, and OC and bending vibration of NCH
1329 sBending vibration of OCH and torsion vibration of HOCH
1387 sBending vibration of CCH and torsion vibration of CCCH
1487 vsStretching vibration of NC
1538 mStretching vibration of NC and bending vibration of CNC
1580 sStretching vibration of NC and bending vibration of HNH
1684 mStretching vibration of CC and bending vibration of HCH

Lactose monohydrate (Lac-H)
355 vsBending vibration of O-C-C
376 sBending vibration of H-O-H and bending vibration of O-C-C
398 sBending vibration of O-C-C and out-of-plane deformation of O-C-C-C
473 vsBending vibration of O-C-C
852 sStretching vibration of O-C and out-of-plane deformation of O-C-C-C
879 sStretching vibration of O-C
915 sStretching vibration of C-C and O-C and out-of-plane deformation of O-C-C-C
954 sStretching vibration of O-C
1023 mStretching vibration of O-C
1056 mStretching vibration of O-C
1090 vsStretching vibration of O-C
1124 sStretching vibration of O-C
1138 sStretching vibration of O-C
1220 mBending vibration of H-C-O and torsion vibration of HCCC
1261 sBending vibration of H-C-O
1334 sBending vibration of H-C-O
1346 sBending vibration of H-C-O
1472 sBending vibration of H-C-H

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
379 sBending vibration of H-O-H and bending vibration of O-C-C
439 sOut-of-plane deformation of O-C-C-C
455 sOut-of-plane deformation of O-C-C-C
899 mOut-of-plane deformation of O-C-C-C
972 mStretching vibration of O-C
998 mStretching vibration of O-C
1036 mStretching vibration of O-C
1063 mStretching vibration of O-C
1094 vsStretching vibration of O-C
1123 vsStretching vibration of O-C
1154 sStretching vibration of O-C
1380 sBending vibration of H-C-O

Crospovidone (PVPP)
359 mBending vibration of O-C-C, C-C-N
552 mStretching vibration of C-C and out-of-plane vibration of O-C-N-C
752 sBending vibration of H-C-C and torsion vibration of H-C-C-C
852 mTorsion vibration of H-C-C-N
899 mStretching vibration of C-C and bending vibration of CNC and CCN
932 sTorsion vibration of HCNC and CCNC
1023 mStretching vibration of N-C and C-C and bending vibration of H-C-C, CNC, and CCN
1227 sStretching vibration of N-C, bending vibration of H-C-C, and torsion vibration of H-C-C-C
1298 mStretching vibration of N-C and bending vibration of H-C-C
1369 mBending vibration of H-C-C and H-C-H, stretching vibration of N-C, and torsion vibration of H-C-N-C
1425 vsBending vibration of H-C-H
1451 sBending vibration of H-C-H
1493 sBending vibration of H-C-H
1673 sStretching vibration of C=C and O=C

Povidone K30 (PVP K30)
364 mBending vibration of OCC and CCN
559 mBending vibration of OCC and CCN and out-of-plane vibration of OCNC
759 sStretching vibration of NC and CC and torsion vibration of HCCC
852 mBending vibration of CCC and torsion vibration of HCCC and HCNC
899 mStretching vibration of CC and bending vibration of CNC and NCC
936 sTorsion vibration of HCNC
1003 mStretching vibration of CC and NC and bending vibration of HCC and OCC
1025 mStretching vibration of NC and bending vibration of HCC and NCC
1212 mBending vibration of HCN and torsion vibration of HCCN and HCNC
1229 sStretching vibration of NC and bending vibration of HCC and HCN
1347 mStretching vibration of NC and torsion vibration of HCNC
1371 mBending vibration of HCC and HCH
1427 vsBending vibration of HCH
1456 sBending vibration of HCH
1493 sBending vibration of HCC and HCH
1664 sStretching vibration of C=C and bending vibration of HCC and HCH

Magnesium stearate (MgSt)
890 mStretching vibration of C-C=O
946 mStretching vibration of C-C
1061 vsStretching vibration of O-C and C-C
1100 mStretching vibration of C-C
1127 sStretching vibration of C-C=O and C-C-O
1174 mStretching vibration of C-C=O and CCO
1300 vsOut-of-plane rocking vibration of OCCC
1370 mOut-of-plane rocking vibration of OCCC
1440 vsDeformation vibration of H-C-H
1460 sDeformation vibration of H-C-H

a: Raman peaks intensity, vs- very strong, s- strong, m- middle, w- weak