Developmental and Reproductive Effects of SE5-OH: An Equol-Rich Soy-Based Ingredient

Table 11

Litter size and viability index of the F₂ generation rat pups exposed to SE5-OH during gestation through lactation.

	Dose (mg/kg/day)
	0	𝑛	200	𝑛	1000	𝑛	2000	𝑛
Number of total offspring at birth
Males	#8.0±2.8	18	7.9±2.5	18	6.9±1.8	18	6.9±2.9	20
Females	7.0±2.4	18	6.6±2.7	18	6.6±2.2	18	5.5±2.7	20
Total	15.0±1.9	18	14.4±2.2	18	13.5±2.5	18	12.4±4.2	20
(M/F)	(144/126)		(142/118)		(124/119)		(137/109)
Number of live offspring at birth
Males	8.0±2.8	18	7.6±2.6	18	6.9±1.8	18	6.6±3.0	20
Females	6.9±2.3	18	6.4±2.5	18	6.6±2.3	18	5.4±2.8	20
Total	14.9±1.9	18	14.0±2.3	18	13.4±2.5	18	11.9±4.5	20
(M/F)	(144/124)		(137/115)		(124/118)		(131/107)
Number of live offspring on PND 4 before culling
Males	7.8±2.7	18	7.2±3.1	18	6.4±2.1	18	6.4±3.2	19
Females	6.8±2.3	18	6.9±3.0	18	6.3±2.1	18	5.2±3.0	19
Total	14.6±1.8	18	13.2±4.0	18	12.7±2.7	18	11.5±5.0	19
(M/F)	(140/122)		(130/107)		(115/113)		(127/103)
Number of live offspring on PND 4 after culling
Males	3.9±0.6	18	4.2±0.7	17	3.9±0.5	18	3.9±1.0	19
Females	4.1±0.6	18	3.8±0.7	17	4.0±0.6	18	3.4^∗±1.0	19
Total	8.0±0.0	18	8.0±0.0	17	7.9±0.2	18	7.4^∗±1.3	19
Number of live offspring on PND 21
Males	3.8±0.6	18	4.2±0.7	17	3.8±0.6	18	3.9±1.0	19
Females	4.1±0.5	18	3.7±0.8	17	4.0±0.6	18	3.4±1.0	19
Total	7.9±0.3	18	7.9±0.2	17	7.8±0.5	18	7.4±1.3	19
Viability index^A (%)
PND 0	99.23±2.23	18	96.92±4.89	18	99.54±1.96	18	96.21±12.29	20
PND 4	97.91±4.15	18	93.61±23.49	18	94.65±12.02	18	94.43±22.30	19
PND 21	98.61±4.04	18	99.26±3.03	17	98.51±4.34	18	100.00±0.00	19

#Mean ± standard deviation; 𝑛 = number of litters; PND: postnatal day; ^Aviability index: PND 0: (number of live offspring born alive/number of offspring born), PND 4: (number of offspring alive on PND 4/number of offspring born alive), PND 21: (number of live weanlings/number of live offspring after culling).