Deoxycholate, an Endogenous Cytotoxin/Genotoxin, Induces the Autophagic Stress-Survival Pathway: Implications for Colon Carcinogenesis

Table 1

(a) Effect of bafilomycin A₁ on DOC-induced death of apoptosis-resistant HCT-116RC cells. (b) Effect of hydroxychloroquine on DOC-induced death of apoptosis-resistant HCT-116RC cells.

(a)  

Experimental group	% apoptotic cells	% necrotic cells
	(mean ± SEM)	(mean ± SEM)
Control (untreated)	2.8±1.0	3.0±0.6
1 nM Bafilomycin A1	3.0±0.4	4.6±0.3
0.5 mM DOC	4.2±0.9	27.0±3.5^∗
Bafilomycin A1 + DOC	17.8±3.2^∗#	27.8±5.5^∗

(b)  

Experimental group	% apoptotic cells	% necrotic cells
	(mean ± SEM)	(mean ± SEM)
Control	0.4±0.3	2.4±0.3^∗
10 𝜇M Hydroxychloroquine	3.8±1.0^∗	6.4±0.6^∗
0.5 mM DOC	5.4±0.9^∗	22.4±4.3^∗
Hydroxychloroquine + DOC	20.0±1.7^∗#	19.8±2.6^∗

^∗Statistically significant (P < .05) differences in mean values when compared to untreated control cells; # statistically significant (P < .05) differences in mean values when compared to cells treated with DOC, alone, and this goes for Tables 1(a) and 1(b).